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Abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid morphology

MedGen UID:
1715873
•Concept ID:
C5397965
•
Finding
HPO: HP:0032973

Definition

Abnormal type or counts of nucleated immune cells and acellular components in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. BAL us performed with a fiberoptic bronchoscope in the wedged position within a selected bronchopulmonary segment. BAL is commonly used to inform the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease or to monitor therapeutic interventions. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

HTLV-I associated bronchioloalveolar disorder (HABA): disease concept and differential diagnosis of an unsolved disease entity.
Ohmoto A, Fuji S, Kohmo S, Katsura K
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023 Jan;21(1):57-63. Epub 2022 Nov 27 doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2151437. PMID: 36437745
Clinical Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Pepsin in Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux among Wheezy Infants.
Abdallah AF, El-Desoky T, Fathi K, Elkashef WF, Zaki A
Can Respir J 2016;2016:9480843. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1155/2016/9480843. PMID: 27516725Free PMC Article
Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature.
Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield PA, Baker RL, Curfman MF, Eads ME, Israel KS, Norris SA, Webb DH, Zeckel ML
Medicine (Baltimore) 1990 Nov;69(6):361-74. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199011000-00004. PMID: 2233233

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pulmonary storage.
Šterclová M
Vnitr Lek 2022 Winter;68(8):525-531. doi: 10.36290/vnl.2022.111. PMID: 36575071
Chronic E-Cigarette Exposure Alters Human Alveolar Macrophage Morphology and Gene Expression.
Davis ES, Ghosh A, Coakley RD, Wrennall JA, Lubamba BA, Rowell TR, Dang H, Pawlak EA, Li Q, Alexis NE, Ribeiro CMP, Tarran R
Nicotine Tob Res 2022 Feb 14;24(3):395-399. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab186. PMID: 34519792Free PMC Article
Cardiac sarcoidosis: Diagnosis confirmation by bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy.
Petek BJ, Rosenthal DG, Patton KK, Behnia S, Keller JM, Collins BF, Cheng RK, Ho LA, Bravo PE, Mikacenic C, Raghu G
Respir Med 2018 Nov;144S:S13-S19. Epub 2018 Sep 16 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.09.008. PMID: 30249376
Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a first Romanian pulmonary alveolar proteinosis cohort.
Deleanu OC, Zaharie AM, Şerbescu A, NiŢu FM, MihălŢan FD, Arghir OC
Rom J Morphol Embryol 2016;57(2 Suppl):737-743. PMID: 27833966
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Yi ES
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002 Nov;39(6):581-629. doi: 10.1080/10408360290795583. PMID: 12484500

Diagnosis

Decoding the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in lung fibrosis.
Wygrecka M, Hadzic S, Potaczek DP, Alexopoulos I, El Agha E, Schaefer L
Pol Arch Intern Med 2023 Jun 30;133(7-8) doi: 10.20452/pamw.16520. PMID: 37387676
Pulmonary storage.
Šterclová M
Vnitr Lek 2022 Winter;68(8):525-531. doi: 10.36290/vnl.2022.111. PMID: 36575071
Cardiac sarcoidosis: Diagnosis confirmation by bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy.
Petek BJ, Rosenthal DG, Patton KK, Behnia S, Keller JM, Collins BF, Cheng RK, Ho LA, Bravo PE, Mikacenic C, Raghu G
Respir Med 2018 Nov;144S:S13-S19. Epub 2018 Sep 16 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.09.008. PMID: 30249376
Biomarkers in COPD.
Tzortzaki EG, Lambiri I, Vlachaki E, Siafakas NM
Curr Med Chem 2007;14(9):1037-48. doi: 10.2174/092986707780362943. PMID: 17439401
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Yi ES
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002 Nov;39(6):581-629. doi: 10.1080/10408360290795583. PMID: 12484500

Therapy

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: A review of clinico-radio-pathological characteristics.
Garg I, Vidholia A, Garg A, Singh S, Agahi A, Laroia A, Saboo SS, Comellas AP, Hoffman EA, Nagpal P
Respir Investig 2022 Nov;60(6):738-749. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.06.011. PMID: 35963780
Chronic E-Cigarette Exposure Alters Human Alveolar Macrophage Morphology and Gene Expression.
Davis ES, Ghosh A, Coakley RD, Wrennall JA, Lubamba BA, Rowell TR, Dang H, Pawlak EA, Li Q, Alexis NE, Ribeiro CMP, Tarran R
Nicotine Tob Res 2022 Feb 14;24(3):395-399. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab186. PMID: 34519792Free PMC Article
Interstitial lung diseases in children.
Clement A, Nathan N, Epaud R, Fauroux B, Corvol H
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 Aug 20;5:22. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-22. PMID: 20727133Free PMC Article
The contribution of airway and lung tissue ischemia to primary graft dysfunction.
Diamond JM, Christie JD
Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010 Oct;15(5):552-7. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32833e1415. PMID: 20693898
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell count and differential are not reliable indicators of amiodarone-induced pneumonitis.
Ohar JA, Jackson F, Dettenmeier PA, Bedrossian CW, Tricomi SM, Evans RG
Chest 1992 Oct;102(4):999-1004. doi: 10.1378/chest.102.4.999. PMID: 1395816

Prognosis

Decoding the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in lung fibrosis.
Wygrecka M, Hadzic S, Potaczek DP, Alexopoulos I, El Agha E, Schaefer L
Pol Arch Intern Med 2023 Jun 30;133(7-8) doi: 10.20452/pamw.16520. PMID: 37387676
Pulmonary storage.
Šterclová M
Vnitr Lek 2022 Winter;68(8):525-531. doi: 10.36290/vnl.2022.111. PMID: 36575071
Lymphatics in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Glasgow CG, El-Chemaly S, Moss J
Eur Respir Rev 2012 Sep 1;21(125):196-206. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00009311. PMID: 22941884Free PMC Article
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Yi ES
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002 Nov;39(6):581-629. doi: 10.1080/10408360290795583. PMID: 12484500
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell count and differential are not reliable indicators of amiodarone-induced pneumonitis.
Ohar JA, Jackson F, Dettenmeier PA, Bedrossian CW, Tricomi SM, Evans RG
Chest 1992 Oct;102(4):999-1004. doi: 10.1378/chest.102.4.999. PMID: 1395816

Clinical prediction guides

Interstitial lung diseases in children.
Clement A, Nathan N, Epaud R, Fauroux B, Corvol H
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 Aug 20;5:22. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-22. PMID: 20727133Free PMC Article
TGF-beta1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases and high-resolution computed tomography score.
Szlubowski A, Soja J, Grzanka P, Tomaszewska R, Papla B, Kuzdzał J, Cmiel A, Sładek K
Pol Arch Med Wewn 2010 Jul;120(7-8):270-5. PMID: 20693957
The lipids of Pneumocystis carinii.
Kaneshiro ES
Clin Microbiol Rev 1998 Jan;11(1):27-41. doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.1.27. PMID: 9457427Free PMC Article
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell count and differential are not reliable indicators of amiodarone-induced pneumonitis.
Ohar JA, Jackson F, Dettenmeier PA, Bedrossian CW, Tricomi SM, Evans RG
Chest 1992 Oct;102(4):999-1004. doi: 10.1378/chest.102.4.999. PMID: 1395816
Fetal lung development in the diabetic pregnancy.
Bourbon JR, Farrell PM
Pediatr Res 1985 Mar;19(3):253-67. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198503000-00001. PMID: 3885150

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