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Autosomal recessive Kenny-Caffey syndrome(KCS1)

MedGen UID:
340923
Concept ID:
C1855648
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: KCS1; Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 1
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): TBCE (1q42.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009486
OMIM®: 244460
Orphanet: ORPHA93324

Definition

A rare, primary bone dysplasia characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, short stature, cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of the long bones, absent diploic space in the skull bones, hypocalcemia due to the hypoparathyroidism, small hands and feet, delayed mental and motor development, intellectual disability, dental anomalies, and dysmorphic features, including prominent forehead, small deep-set eyes, beaked nose, and micrognathia. [from ORDO]

Clinical features

From HPO
Small hand
MedGen UID:
108279
Concept ID:
C0575802
Finding
Disproportionately small hand.
Short palm
MedGen UID:
334684
Concept ID:
C1843108
Finding
Short palm.
Short foot
MedGen UID:
376415
Concept ID:
C1848673
Finding
A measured foot length that is more than 2 SD below the mean for a newborn of 27 - 41 weeks gestation, or foot that is less than the 3rd centile for individuals from birth to 16 years of age (objective). Alternatively, a foot that appears disproportionately short (subjective).
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Proportionate short stature
MedGen UID:
163901
Concept ID:
C0878660
Finding
A kind of short stature in which different regions of the body are shortened to a comparable extent.
Birth length less than 3rd percentile
MedGen UID:
340924
Concept ID:
C1855650
Finding
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Anemia
MedGen UID:
1526
Concept ID:
C0002871
Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.
Tetany
MedGen UID:
11748
Concept ID:
C0039621
Finding
A condition characterized by intermittent involuntary contraction of muscles (spasms) related to hypocalcemia or occasionally magnesium deficiency.
Long clavicles
MedGen UID:
96530
Concept ID:
C0426808
Finding
Increased length of the clavicles.
Thin ribs
MedGen UID:
98095
Concept ID:
C0426818
Finding
Ribs with a reduced diameter.
Decreased skull ossification
MedGen UID:
609330
Concept ID:
C0432073
Congenital Abnormality
A reduction in the magnitude or amount of ossification of the skull.
Delayed skeletal maturation
MedGen UID:
108148
Concept ID:
C0541764
Finding
A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.
Thin clavicles
MedGen UID:
659167
Concept ID:
C0575535
Finding
Abnormally reduced diameter (cross section) of the clavicles.
Slender long bone
MedGen UID:
331446
Concept ID:
C1833144
Finding
Reduced diameter of a long bone.
Calvarial osteosclerosis
MedGen UID:
340927
Concept ID:
C1855657
Finding
An increase in bone density affecting the calvaria (roof of the skull).
Delayed closure of the anterior fontanelle
MedGen UID:
825928
Concept ID:
C3840083
Finding
A delay in closure (ossification) of the anterior fontanelle, which generally undergoes closure around the 18th month of life.
Recurrent bacterial infections
MedGen UID:
334943
Concept ID:
C1844383
Finding
Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection.
Hypocalcemia
MedGen UID:
5705
Concept ID:
C0020598
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood.
Hypomagnesemia
MedGen UID:
57481
Concept ID:
C0151723
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased magnesium concentration in the blood.
Carious teeth
MedGen UID:
8288
Concept ID:
C0011334
Disease or Syndrome
Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.
Congenital hypoparathyroidism
MedGen UID:
264103
Concept ID:
C1455734
Congenital Abnormality
Deficiency of parathyroid hormone with congenital onset.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAutosomal recessive Kenny-Caffey syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Autosomal recessive Kenny-Caffey syndrome in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Clinical prediction guides

Parvari R, Hershkovitz E, Grossman N, Gorodischer R, Loeys B, Zecic A, Mortier G, Gregory S, Sharony R, Kambouris M, Sakati N, Meyer BF, Al Aqeel AI, Al Humaidan AK, Al Zanhrani F, Al Swaid A, Al Othman J, Diaz GA, Weiner R, Khan KT, Gordon R, Gelb BD; HRD/Autosomal Recessive Kenny-Caffey Syndrome Consortium
Nat Genet 2002 Nov;32(3):448-52. Epub 2002 Oct 21 doi: 10.1038/ng1012. PMID: 12389028
Diaz GA, Khan KT, Gelb BD
Genomics 1998 Nov 15;54(1):13-8. doi: 10.1006/geno.1998.5530. PMID: 9806825

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