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Ayme-Gripp syndrome(AYGRP)

MedGen UID:
371416
Concept ID:
C1832812
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Cataracts, Congenital, with Sensorineural Deafness, Down Syndrome-Like Facial Appearance, Short Stature, and Mental Retardation
 
Gene (location): MAF (16q23.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010992
OMIM®: 601088

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Aymé-Gripp Syndrome
Aymé-Gripp syndrome is classically defined as the triad of bilateral early cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, and characteristic facial features in combination with neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The facial features are often described as "Down syndrome-like" and include brachycephaly, flat facial appearance, short nose, long philtrum, narrow mouth, and low-set and posteriorly rotated ears. Hearing loss is often congenital. Other features may include postnatal short stature, seizure disorder, nonspecific brain abnormalities on head imaging, skeletal abnormalities, and joint limitations. A subset of individuals have been found to have pericarditis or pericardial effusion during the neonatal or infantile period. All affected individuals have had developmental delay, but the degree of cognitive impairment is extremely variable. Other features including gastrointestinal and endocrine abnormalities, ectodermal dysplasia (i.e., nail dystrophy and mammary gland hypoplasia), dental anomalies, and chronic glomerulopathy with proteinuria have been reported in rare affected individuals. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Shivarajan Manickavasagam Amudhavalli  |  Randi Gadea  |  Karen Gripp   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Ayme-Gripp syndrome is a clinically homogeneous phenotype characterized by congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, seizures, brachycephaly, a distinctive flat facial appearance, and reduced growth (Niceta et al., 2015).  http://www.omim.org/entry/601088

Clinical features

From HPO
Brachydactyly
MedGen UID:
67454
Concept ID:
C0221357
Congenital Abnormality
Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.
Tapered finger
MedGen UID:
98098
Concept ID:
C0426886
Finding
The gradual reduction in girth of the finger from proximal to distal.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder
MedGen UID:
9164
Concept ID:
C0018784
Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Microtia
MedGen UID:
57535
Concept ID:
C0152423
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the external ear.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Posteriorly rotated ears
MedGen UID:
96566
Concept ID:
C0431478
Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Chiari type I malformation
MedGen UID:
196689
Concept ID:
C0750929
Congenital Abnormality
Arnold-Chiari type I malformation refers to a relatively mild degree of herniation of the posteroinferior region of the cerebellum (the cerebellar tonsils) into the cervical canal with little or no displacement of the fourth ventricle. It is characterized by one or both pointed (not rounded) cerebellar tonsils that project 5 mm below the foramen magnum, measured by a line drawn from the basion to the opisthion (McRae Line)
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Radioulnar synostosis
MedGen UID:
57861
Concept ID:
C0158761
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna.
Brachycephaly
MedGen UID:
113165
Concept ID:
C0221356
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.
Delayed cranial suture closure
MedGen UID:
75805
Concept ID:
C0277828
Finding
Infants normally have two fontanels at birth, the diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures, and the posterior fontanelle at the intersection of the occipital and parietal bones. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by the 8th week of life, and the anterior fontanel closes by the 18th month of life on average. This term applies if there is delay of closure of the fontanelles beyond the normal age.
Camptodactyly
MedGen UID:
195780
Concept ID:
C0685409
Congenital Abnormality
The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.
Malar flattening
MedGen UID:
347616
Concept ID:
C1858085
Finding
Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.
Pectus excavatum
MedGen UID:
781174
Concept ID:
C2051831
Finding
A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.
Craniofacial asymmetry
MedGen UID:
870860
Concept ID:
C4025320
Anatomical Abnormality
Asymmetry of the bones of the skull and the face.
Pericarditis
MedGen UID:
18377
Concept ID:
C0031046
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium).
Narrow mouth
MedGen UID:
44435
Concept ID:
C0026034
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
High forehead
MedGen UID:
65991
Concept ID:
C0239676
Finding
An abnormally increased height of the forehead.
Abnormality of the dentition
MedGen UID:
78084
Concept ID:
C0262444
Finding
Any abnormality of the teeth.
Mandibular prognathia
MedGen UID:
98316
Concept ID:
C0399526
Finding
Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.
Upslanted palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
98390
Concept ID:
C0423109
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.
Downslanted palpebral fissures
MedGen UID:
98391
Concept ID:
C0423110
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Smooth philtrum
MedGen UID:
222980
Concept ID:
C1142533
Finding
Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Wide nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
341441
Concept ID:
C1849367
Finding
Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).
Flat face
MedGen UID:
342829
Concept ID:
C1853241
Finding
Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile.
Midface retrusion
MedGen UID:
339938
Concept ID:
C1853242
Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Broad philtrum
MedGen UID:
344210
Concept ID:
C1854111
Finding
Distance between the philtral ridges, measured just above the vermilion border, more than 2 standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased distance between the ridges of the philtrum.
Short nose
MedGen UID:
343052
Concept ID:
C1854114
Finding
Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.
Broad eyebrow
MedGen UID:
344657
Concept ID:
C1856121
Finding
Regional increase in the width (height) of the eyebrow.
Sparse scalp hair
MedGen UID:
346499
Concept ID:
C1857042
Finding
Decreased number of hairs per unit area of skin of the scalp.
Long philtrum
MedGen UID:
351278
Concept ID:
C1865014
Finding
Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.
Thin upper lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
355352
Concept ID:
C1865017
Finding
Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Nail dystrophy
MedGen UID:
66368
Concept ID:
C0221260
Disease or Syndrome
Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.
Ptosis
MedGen UID:
2287
Concept ID:
C0005745
Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Developmental cataract
MedGen UID:
3202
Concept ID:
C0009691
Congenital Abnormality
A cataract that occurs congenitally as the result of a developmental defect, in contrast to the majority of cataracts that occur in adulthood as the result of degenerative changes of the lens.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Amudhavalli SM, Hanson R, Angle B, Bontempo K, Gripp KW
Am J Med Genet A 2018 Jul;176(7):1648-1656. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38832. PMID: 30160832

Diagnosis

Caiazza M, Budillon A, Monda E, Aruta G, Esposito A, Del Vecchio Blanco F, Piluso G, Nigro V, Scarano G, Limongelli G
Am J Med Genet A 2024 Jan;194(1):70-76. Epub 2023 Sep 15 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63406. PMID: 37712597
König AL, Sabir H, Strizek B, Gembruch U, Herberg U, Bertrand M, Grasshoff U, Wiegand G, Wiechers C, Bernis E, Reutter H, Müller A
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Feb;188(2):624-627. Epub 2021 Oct 12 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62540. PMID: 34643041
Alkhunaizi E, Koenekoop RK, Saint-Martin C, Russell L
Am J Med Genet A 2019 Nov;179(11):2233-2236. Epub 2019 Aug 7 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61299. PMID: 31390148
Javadiyan S, Craig JE, Sharma S, Lower KM, Casey T, Haan E, Souzeau E, Burdon KP
BMC Med Genet 2017 May 8;18(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12881-017-0414-7. PMID: 28482824Free PMC Article

Therapy

Amudhavalli SM, Hanson R, Angle B, Bontempo K, Gripp KW
Am J Med Genet A 2018 Jul;176(7):1648-1656. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38832. PMID: 30160832

Prognosis

Wang Q, Qin T, Tan H, Ding X, Lin X, Li J, Lin Z, Sun L, Lin H, Chen W
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Oct;188(10):2888-2898. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62947. PMID: 36097645
König AL, Sabir H, Strizek B, Gembruch U, Herberg U, Bertrand M, Grasshoff U, Wiegand G, Wiechers C, Bernis E, Reutter H, Müller A
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Feb;188(2):624-627. Epub 2021 Oct 12 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62540. PMID: 34643041
Javadiyan S, Craig JE, Sharma S, Lower KM, Casey T, Haan E, Souzeau E, Burdon KP
BMC Med Genet 2017 May 8;18(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12881-017-0414-7. PMID: 28482824Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Wang Q, Qin T, Tan H, Ding X, Lin X, Li J, Lin Z, Sun L, Lin H, Chen W
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Oct;188(10):2888-2898. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62947. PMID: 36097645
Chaudhry C, Kaur P, Srivastava P, Kaur A
Am J Med Genet A 2021 Apr;185(4):1312-1316. Epub 2021 Jan 1 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62053. PMID: 33528093
Niceta M, Barbuti D, Gupta N, Ruggiero C, Tizzano EF, Graul-Neumann L, Barresi S, Nishimura G, Valenzuela I, López-Grondona F, Fernandez-Alvarez P, Leoni C, Zweier C, Tzschach A, Stellacci E, Del Fattore A, Dallapiccola B, Zampino G, Tartaglia M
Clin Genet 2020 Feb;97(2):362-369. Epub 2019 Nov 3 doi: 10.1111/cge.13651. PMID: 31600839
Javadiyan S, Craig JE, Sharma S, Lower KM, Casey T, Haan E, Souzeau E, Burdon KP
BMC Med Genet 2017 May 8;18(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12881-017-0414-7. PMID: 28482824Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Caiazza M, Budillon A, Monda E, Aruta G, Esposito A, Del Vecchio Blanco F, Piluso G, Nigro V, Scarano G, Limongelli G
Am J Med Genet A 2024 Jan;194(1):70-76. Epub 2023 Sep 15 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63406. PMID: 37712597

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