U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Hyperchloremia

MedGen UID:
39325
Concept ID:
C0085679
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Increased chloride levels
SNOMED CT: Hyperchloremia (74450001)
 
HPO: HP:0011423

Definition

An abnormally increased chloride concentration in the blood. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2B
MedGen UID:
374457
Concept ID:
C1840390
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2C
MedGen UID:
327089
Concept ID:
C1840391
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2D
MedGen UID:
483335
Concept ID:
C3469605
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2E
MedGen UID:
483336
Concept ID:
C3469606
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

De Vlieger G, Meyfroidt G
Neurocrit Care 2023 Apr;38(2):504-516. Epub 2022 Nov 2 doi: 10.1007/s12028-022-01630-z. PMID: 36324003Free PMC Article
Puri I, Shirazi NM, Yap E, Saggi SJ
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020 Jan;29(1):64-70. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000571. PMID: 31725008
Yu MK, Kamal F, Chertow GM
J Hosp Med 2019 Apr;14(4):232-238. Epub 2019 Feb 20 doi: 10.12788/jhm.3105. PMID: 30794134

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Sankar J, Muralidharan J, Lalitha AV, Rameshkumar R, Pathak M, Das RR, Nadkarni VM, Ismail J, Subramanian M, Nallasamy K, Dev N, Kumar UV, Kumar K, Sharma T, Jaravta K, Thakur N, Aggarwal P, Jat KR, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Crit Care Med 2023 Nov 1;51(11):1449-1460. Epub 2023 Jun 9 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005952. PMID: 37294145
Carrillo AR, Elwood K, Werth C, Mitchell J, Sarangarm P
Ann Pharmacother 2022 Sep;56(9):998-1006. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1177/10600280211063651. PMID: 34986659
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Nagami GT
Nefrologia 2016 Jul-Aug;36(4):347-53. Epub 2016 Jun 3 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.04.001. PMID: 27267918
Riepe FG
Endocr Dev 2013;24:86-95. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1159/000342508. PMID: 23392097

Diagnosis

Emmett M
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2022 Jul;29(4):355-363. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2022.07.004. PMID: 36175073
Qureshi AI, Huang W, Gomez FE, Malhotra K, Arora N, Chandrasekaran PN, Siddiq F, French BR, Gomez CR, Suarez JI
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022 Aug;31(8):106523. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106523. PMID: 35633589
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Riepe FG
Endocr Dev 2013;24:86-95. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1159/000342508. PMID: 23392097
Berend K, van Hulsteijn LH, Gans RO
Eur J Intern Med 2012 Apr;23(3):203-11. Epub 2011 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.11.013. PMID: 22385875

Therapy

Sankar J, Muralidharan J, Lalitha AV, Rameshkumar R, Pathak M, Das RR, Nadkarni VM, Ismail J, Subramanian M, Nallasamy K, Dev N, Kumar UV, Kumar K, Sharma T, Jaravta K, Thakur N, Aggarwal P, Jat KR, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Crit Care Med 2023 Nov 1;51(11):1449-1460. Epub 2023 Jun 9 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005952. PMID: 37294145
Carrillo AR, Elwood K, Werth C, Mitchell J, Sarangarm P
Ann Pharmacother 2022 Sep;56(9):998-1006. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1177/10600280211063651. PMID: 34986659
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Langer T, Santini A, Scotti E, Van Regenmortel N, Malbrain ML, Caironi P
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2015;47 Spec No:s78-88. Epub 2015 Nov 20 doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0079. PMID: 26588483
Adeva-Andany MM, Fernández-Fernández C, Mouriño-Bayolo D, Castro-Quintela E, Domínguez-Montero A
ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:627673. Epub 2014 Oct 21 doi: 10.1155/2014/627673. PMID: 25405229Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Yılmaz H, Güney BÇ
Turk J Med Sci 2022 Oct;52(5):1689-1696. Epub 2022 Oct 19 doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5510. PMID: 36422489Free PMC Article
Ramírez-Guerrero G, Baghetti-Hernández R, Ronco C
Neurocrit Care 2022 Apr;36(2):640-649. Epub 2021 Sep 13 doi: 10.1007/s12028-021-01345-7. PMID: 34518967
Yamane DP, Maghami S, Graham A, Vaziri K, Davison D
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Jan;37(1):128-133. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1177/0885066620978735. PMID: 33283597
Lombardi G, Ferraro PM, Bargagli M, Naticchia A, D'Alonzo S, Gambaro G
Intern Emerg Med 2020 Mar;15(2):273-280. Epub 2019 Aug 6 doi: 10.1007/s11739-019-02165-6. PMID: 31388894
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457

Clinical prediction guides

Adachi M, Motegi S, Nagahara K, Ochi A, Toyoda J, Mizuno K
Endocr J 2023 Jul 28;70(7):723-729. Epub 2023 May 19 doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0607. PMID: 37081692
Qureshi AI, Huang W, Gomez FE, Malhotra K, Arora N, Chandrasekaran PN, Siddiq F, French BR, Gomez CR, Suarez JI
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022 Aug;31(8):106523. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106523. PMID: 35633589
Lombardi G, Ferraro PM, Bargagli M, Naticchia A, D'Alonzo S, Gambaro G
Intern Emerg Med 2020 Mar;15(2):273-280. Epub 2019 Aug 6 doi: 10.1007/s11739-019-02165-6. PMID: 31388894
Zampieri FG, Libório AB, Cavalcanti AB
Curr Opin Crit Care 2016 Dec;22(6):533-541. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000361. PMID: 27685848
Langer T, Santini A, Scotti E, Van Regenmortel N, Malbrain ML, Caironi P
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2015;47 Spec No:s78-88. Epub 2015 Nov 20 doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0079. PMID: 26588483

Recent systematic reviews

Maharjan J, Pandit S, Arne Johansson K, Khanal P, Karmacharya B, Kaur G, Kumar Aryal K
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024 Jan;207:111078. Epub 2023 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111078. PMID: 38154537
Waskowski J, Salvato SM, Müller M, Hofer D, van Regenmortel N, Pfortmueller CA
J Crit Care 2023 Dec;78:154403. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154403. PMID: 37651780
Lehr AR, Rached-d'Astous S, Barrowman N, Tsampalieros A, Parker M, McIntyre L, Sampson M, Menon K
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022 Mar 1;23(3):181-191. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002890. PMID: 34991134Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...