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Myelocele

MedGen UID:
39678
•Concept ID:
C0086664
•
Congenital Abnormality
Synonym: Myeloceles
SNOMED CT: Myelocele (82058009)

Definition

A rare disorder that presents as a flat neural placode (at the level of the skin of the back) that is exposed to the environment. The lack of expansion of the subarachnoid space distinguishes this lesion from myelomeningocele. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Prevention of neural tube malformation by genetic counselling, and prenatal diagnostic surveillance.
Laurence KM
J Genet Hum 1979 Dec;27(4):289-99. PMID: 95483
Spina bifida cystica. Part 2: policy of management of the newborn with myelocele related to ultimate prognosis.
Lorber J
Midwife Health Visit Community Nurse 1975 Jan;11(1):18-9. PMID: 1090799

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Myelomeningocele-Chiari II malformation-Neurological predictability based on fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging.
Khalaveh F, Seidl R, Czech T, Reinprecht A, Gruber GM, Berger A, Kiss H, Prayer D, Kasprian G
Prenat Diagn 2021 Jul;41(8):922-932. Epub 2021 Jun 19 doi: 10.1002/pd.5987. PMID: 34124788Free PMC Article
Myelomeningocele Versus Myelocele on Fetal MR Images: Are There Differences in Brain Findings?
Nagaraj UD, Bierbrauer KS, Stevenson CB, Peiro JL, Lim FY, Zhang B, Kline-Fath BM
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Dec;211(6):1376-1380. Epub 2018 Oct 17 doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.20088. PMID: 30332293
Spinal dysraphism: MR imaging rationale.
Rossi A, Cama A, Piatelli G, Ravegnani M, Biancheri R, Tortori-Donati P
J Neuroradiol 2004 Jan;31(1):3-24. doi: 10.1016/s0150-9861(04)96875-7. PMID: 15026728
Perinatal motor behaviour and neurological outcome in spina bifida aperta.
Sival DA, Begeer JH, Staal-Schreinemachers AL, Vos-Niël JM, Beekhuis JR, Prechtl HF
Early Hum Dev 1997 Nov 24;50(1):27-37. doi: 10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00090-x. PMID: 9467691
Scoliosis and hydrocephalus in myelocele patients. The effects of ventricular shunting.
Hall P, Lindseth R, Campbell R, Kalsbeck JE, Desousa A
J Neurosurg 1979 Feb;50(2):174-8. doi: 10.3171/jns.1979.50.2.0174. PMID: 430129

Diagnosis

Myelomeningocele Versus Myelocele on Fetal MR Images: Are There Differences in Brain Findings?
Nagaraj UD, Bierbrauer KS, Stevenson CB, Peiro JL, Lim FY, Zhang B, Kline-Fath BM
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Dec;211(6):1376-1380. Epub 2018 Oct 17 doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.20088. PMID: 30332293
Imaging in spine and spinal cord malformations.
Rossi A, Biancheri R, Cama A, Piatelli G, Ravegnani M, Tortori-Donati P
Eur J Radiol 2004 May;50(2):177-200. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2003.10.015. PMID: 15081131
Spinal dysraphism: MR imaging rationale.
Rossi A, Cama A, Piatelli G, Ravegnani M, Biancheri R, Tortori-Donati P
J Neuroradiol 2004 Jan;31(1):3-24. doi: 10.1016/s0150-9861(04)96875-7. PMID: 15026728
The present status of prenatal detection of neural tube defects.
Chaube S, Swinyard CA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975 Feb 1;121(3):429-38. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90029-0. PMID: 1090171
Myelocele and alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid.
Nevin NC, Nesbitt S, Thompson W
Lancet 1973 Jun 16;1(7816):1383. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91699-1. PMID: 4122763

Therapy

US of the spinal cord in newborns: spectrum of normal findings, variants, congenital anomalies, and acquired diseases.
Unsinn KM, Geley T, Freund MC, Gassner I
Radiographics 2000 Jul-Aug;20(4):923-38. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl06923. PMID: 10903684

Prognosis

Myelomeningocele-Chiari II malformation-Neurological predictability based on fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging.
Khalaveh F, Seidl R, Czech T, Reinprecht A, Gruber GM, Berger A, Kiss H, Prayer D, Kasprian G
Prenat Diagn 2021 Jul;41(8):922-932. Epub 2021 Jun 19 doi: 10.1002/pd.5987. PMID: 34124788Free PMC Article
Perinatal motor behaviour and neurological outcome in spina bifida aperta.
Sival DA, Begeer JH, Staal-Schreinemachers AL, Vos-Niël JM, Beekhuis JR, Prechtl HF
Early Hum Dev 1997 Nov 24;50(1):27-37. doi: 10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00090-x. PMID: 9467691
Scoliosis and hydrocephalus in myelocele patients. The effects of ventricular shunting.
Hall P, Lindseth R, Campbell R, Kalsbeck JE, Desousa A
J Neurosurg 1979 Feb;50(2):174-8. doi: 10.3171/jns.1979.50.2.0174. PMID: 430129
The reliability of prediction of outcome in spina bifida.
Laurence KM, Evans RC, Weeks RD, Thomas MD, Frazer AK, Tew BJ
Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 1976;(37):150-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1976.tb04297.x. PMID: 797609
Electrostimulation of the neuropathic bladder.
Dénes J, Léb J
J Pediatr Surg 1975 Apr;10(2):245-7. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(75)90286-9. PMID: 1091723

Clinical prediction guides

Myelomeningocele-Chiari II malformation-Neurological predictability based on fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging.
Khalaveh F, Seidl R, Czech T, Reinprecht A, Gruber GM, Berger A, Kiss H, Prayer D, Kasprian G
Prenat Diagn 2021 Jul;41(8):922-932. Epub 2021 Jun 19 doi: 10.1002/pd.5987. PMID: 34124788Free PMC Article
Perinatal motor behaviour and neurological outcome in spina bifida aperta.
Sival DA, Begeer JH, Staal-Schreinemachers AL, Vos-Niël JM, Beekhuis JR, Prechtl HF
Early Hum Dev 1997 Nov 24;50(1):27-37. doi: 10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00090-x. PMID: 9467691
Developmental normo-maturation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in children with asymptomatic meningo-myelocele during the first year of life.
Fujii M, Tomita T, McLone DG, Grant JA, Stack CV, Mori K
Childs Nerv Syst 1997 Mar;13(3):147-53. doi: 10.1007/s003810050060. PMID: 9137856
The reliability of prediction of outcome in spina bifida.
Laurence KM, Evans RC, Weeks RD, Thomas MD, Frazer AK, Tew BJ
Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 1976;(37):150-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1976.tb04297.x. PMID: 797609
Electrostimulation of the neuropathic bladder.
Dénes J, Léb J
J Pediatr Surg 1975 Apr;10(2):245-7. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(75)90286-9. PMID: 1091723

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