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Exanthema subitum

MedGen UID:
41909
•Concept ID:
C0015231
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Disease, Sixth; Exanthema Subitum; Roseola Infantum; Sixth Disease
SNOMED CT: Three day fever (54385001); Exanthem subitum (54385001); Exanthema subitum (54385001); Pseudorubella (54385001); Sixth disease (54385001); Roseola infantum (54385001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000337

Definition

An infection that is due to human herpesvirus (HHV) types 6 or 7; it is characterized by 3-5 days of high fever followed by the acute onset of a rosy, pink, non-pruritic, macular rash that is predominantly on the neck and trunk. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVExanthema subitum

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management of Psychotropic Drug-Induced DRESS Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Bommersbach TJ, Lapid MI, Leung JG, Cunningham JL, Rummans TA, Kung S
Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Jun;91(6):787-801. Epub 2016 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.006. PMID: 27126302
Acute exanthems in children. Clues to differential diagnosis of viral disease.
Bligard CA, Millikan LE
Postgrad Med 1986 Apr;79(5):150-54, 159-67. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1986.11699354. PMID: 3008138

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Changes in Exanthema Subitum Incidence and Patient Age Distribution During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.
Tachikawa J, Aizawa Y, Ikuse T, Kon M, Saitoh A
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 Mar 1;41(3):e90-e92. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003430. PMID: 35144267Free PMC Article
The role of herpesvirus 6A and 6B in multiple sclerosis and epilepsy.
Dunn N, Kharlamova N, Fogdell-Hahn A
Scand J Immunol 2020 Dec;92(6):e12984. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1111/sji.12984. PMID: 33037649Free PMC Article
Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the Japanese population.
Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Ohye T, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T
J Med Virol 2018 Oct;90(10):1636-1642. Epub 2018 Jul 10 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25244. PMID: 29905966
Human herpesviruses and neurological disorders of childhood.
Bale JF Jr
Semin Pediatr Neurol 1999 Dec;6(4):278-87. doi: 10.1016/s1071-9091(99)80026-6. PMID: 10649836
Virological and clinical characteristics of human herpesvirus 6.
Wahren B, Linde A
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1991;80:105-9. PMID: 1666441

Diagnosis

Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7.
Agut H, Bonnafous P, Gautheret-Dejean A
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Jun;4(3) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0007-2015. PMID: 27337451
Laboratory and clinical aspects of human herpesvirus 6 infections.
Agut H, Bonnafous P, Gautheret-Dejean A
Clin Microbiol Rev 2015 Apr;28(2):313-35. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00122-14. PMID: 25762531Free PMC Article
The DRESS syndrome: a literature review.
Cacoub P, Musette P, Descamps V, Meyer O, Speirs C, Finzi L, Roujeau JC
Am J Med 2011 Jul;124(7):588-97. Epub 2011 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.017. PMID: 21592453
Childhood exanthems.
Frieden IJ
Curr Opin Pediatr 1995 Aug;7(4):411-4. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199508000-00012. PMID: 7581645
Viral exanthems.
Cherry JD
Curr Probl Pediatr 1983 Apr;13(6):1-44. doi: 10.1016/0045-9380(83)90002-6. PMID: 6303699

Therapy

Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7.
Agut H, Bonnafous P, Gautheret-Dejean A
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Jun;4(3) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0007-2015. PMID: 27337451
Laboratory and clinical aspects of human herpesvirus 6 infections.
Agut H, Bonnafous P, Gautheret-Dejean A
Clin Microbiol Rev 2015 Apr;28(2):313-35. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00122-14. PMID: 25762531Free PMC Article
The DRESS syndrome: a literature review.
Cacoub P, Musette P, Descamps V, Meyer O, Speirs C, Finzi L, Roujeau JC
Am J Med 2011 Jul;124(7):588-97. Epub 2011 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.017. PMID: 21592453
Human herpesvirus 6.
Lusso P, Gallo RC
Baillieres Clin Haematol 1995 Mar;8(1):201-23. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3536(05)80238-0. PMID: 7663047
Newer viral exanthems.
Cherry JD
Adv Pediatr 1969;16:233-86. PMID: 4310114

Prognosis

Changes in Exanthema Subitum Incidence and Patient Age Distribution During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.
Tachikawa J, Aizawa Y, Ikuse T, Kon M, Saitoh A
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 Mar 1;41(3):e90-e92. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003430. PMID: 35144267Free PMC Article
Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the Japanese population.
Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Ohye T, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T
J Med Virol 2018 Oct;90(10):1636-1642. Epub 2018 Jul 10 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25244. PMID: 29905966
Roseola infantum and its causal human herpesviruses.
Stone RC, Micali GA, Schwartz RA
Int J Dermatol 2014 Apr;53(4):397-403. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12310. PMID: 24673253
The DRESS syndrome: a literature review.
Cacoub P, Musette P, Descamps V, Meyer O, Speirs C, Finzi L, Roujeau JC
Am J Med 2011 Jul;124(7):588-97. Epub 2011 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.017. PMID: 21592453
Exanthema subitum and human herpesvirus 6 infection: clinical observations in fifty-seven cases.
Okada K, Ueda K, Kusuhara K, Miyazaki C, Tokugawa K, Hirose M, Yamanishi K
Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993 Mar;12(3):204-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199303000-00006. PMID: 8383833

Clinical prediction guides

Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the Japanese population.
Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Ohye T, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T
J Med Virol 2018 Oct;90(10):1636-1642. Epub 2018 Jul 10 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25244. PMID: 29905966
Update on infections with human herpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7.
Agut H, Bonnafous P, Gautheret-Dejean A
Med Mal Infect 2017 Mar;47(2):83-91. Epub 2016 Oct 20 doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.09.004. PMID: 27773488
The DRESS syndrome: a literature review.
Cacoub P, Musette P, Descamps V, Meyer O, Speirs C, Finzi L, Roujeau JC
Am J Med 2011 Jul;124(7):588-97. Epub 2011 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.017. PMID: 21592453
Exanthema subitum and human herpesvirus 6 infection: clinical observations in fifty-seven cases.
Okada K, Ueda K, Kusuhara K, Miyazaki C, Tokugawa K, Hirose M, Yamanishi K
Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993 Mar;12(3):204-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199303000-00006. PMID: 8383833
Severity of human herpesvirus-6 viremia and clinical findings in infants with exanthem subitum.
Asano Y, Nakashima T, Yoshikawa T, Suga S, Yazaki T
J Pediatr 1991 Jun;118(6):891-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82200-0. PMID: 1645770

Recent systematic reviews

Management of Psychotropic Drug-Induced DRESS Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Bommersbach TJ, Lapid MI, Leung JG, Cunningham JL, Rummans TA, Kung S
Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Jun;91(6):787-801. Epub 2016 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.006. PMID: 27126302

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