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Abnormal pituitary gland morphology

MedGen UID:: 45934
•Concept ID:: C0032002
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonym:	Abnormality of the pituitary gland
SNOMED CT:	Pituitary disease (399244003); Disorder of pituitary (399244003); Disorder of pituitary gland (399244003); Dyspituitarism (399244003)

HPO:	HP:0012503

Definition

An anomaly of the pituitary gland. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVAbnormal pituitary gland morphology

Fetal anomaly
- Congenital Systemic Disorder
  - Abnormality of the nervous system
    - Abnormal nervous system morphology
      - Morphological central nervous system abnormality
        Abnormal brain morphology
        Abnormal pituitary gland morphology
        Abnormal posterior pituitary morphogenesis
        Neoplasm of the posterior pituitary
        Ependymal Pituicytoma
        Neurohypophysis granular cell tumor
        Pituicytoma
        Spindle cell oncocytoma
        Posterior pituitary dysgenesis
        Ectopic posterior pituitary
        Posterior pituitary agenesis
        Posterior pituitary hypoplasia
        Abnormal size of pituitary gland
        Enlarged pituitary gland
        Small pituitary gland
        Atrophic pituitary gland
        Abnormality of the anterior pituitary
        Anterior pituitary dysgenesis
        Anterior pituitary agenesis
        Anterior pituitary hypoplasia
        Ectopic anterior pituitary gland
        Hyperpituitarism
        Acromegaly
        Adrenocorticotropic hormone excess
        Gigantism
        Hyperprolactinemia
        Increased circulating prolactin concentration
        Pituitary dependent hypercortisolism
        Hypopituitarism
        Anterior hypopituitarism
        Panhypopituitarism
        Pituitary dwarfism
        Pituitary calcification
        Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone
        Diabetes insipidus
        Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus
        Central diabetes insipidus
        Autosomal Dominant Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus
        Neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus
        Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus
        Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
        Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, autosomal
        Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, X-linked
        Wolfram syndrome
        Wolfram syndrome 1
        Wolfram syndrome 2
        Wolfram syndrome, mitochondrial form
        Empty sella syndrome
        Hypophysitis
        Primary hypophysitis
        Adenohypophysitis
        Infundibulo-neurohypophysitis
        Panhypophysitis
        Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
        Neoplasm of the pituitary gland
        Anterior Pituitary Gland Neoplasm
        Pituitary Gland Blastoma
        Recurrent Anterior Pituitary Gland Neoplasm
        Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland
        Neoplasm of the anterior pituitary
        Pituitary adenoma
        Pituitary blastoma
        Pituitary carcinoma
        Pituitary spindle cell oncocytoma
        Pituitary cancer
        Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Pituitary Gland
        Pituitary Gland Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
        Pituitary corticotropic cell adenoma
        Crooke Cell Tumor
        Nelson Syndrome
        Non-Functioning Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
        Prolactin-producing pituitary gland adenoma
        Densely Granulated Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
        Macroprolactinoma
        Microprolactinoma
        Sparsely Granulated Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
        Sellar Paraganglioma
        Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
        Densely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
        Sparsely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
        Non-Neoplastic Pituitary Gland Disorder
        Lymphocytic Neurohypophysitis
        Necrosis of pituitary
        Pituitary apoplexy
        Pituitary gland hypoplasia
        Pituitary gland infarction
        Prolactinoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Differential diagnosis, investigation and therapy of bilateral adrenal incidentalomas.

Bourdeau I, El Ghorayeb N, Gagnon N, Lacroix A
Eur J Endocrinol 2018 Aug;179(2):R57-R67. Epub 2018 May 10 doi: 10.1530/EJE-18-0296. PMID: 29748231

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: cause, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.

Voutetakis A, Sertedaki A, Dacou-Voutetakis C
Curr Opin Pediatr 2016 Aug;28(4):545-50. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000378. PMID: 27386973

Primary amenorrhea: diagnosis and management.

Marsh CA, Grimstad FW
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2014 Oct;69(10):603-12. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000111. PMID: 25336070

See all (35)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Phakomatoses and Endocrine Gland Tumors: Noteworthy and (Not so) Rare Associations.

Chevalier B, Dupuis H, Jannin A, Lemaitre M, Do Cao C, Cardot-Bauters C, Espiard S, Vantyghem MC
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:678869. Epub 2021 May 6 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.678869. PMID: 34025587 Free PMC Article

Pituitary hyperplasia in childhood primary hypothyroidism: a review.

Sapkota S, Karn M, Sapkota S
Childs Nerv Syst 2021 Mar;37(3):749-762. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s00381-020-05014-6. PMID: 33404718

Interconnection between circadian clocks and thyroid function.

Ikegami K, Refetoff S, Van Cauter E, Yoshimura T
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Oct;15(10):590-600. Epub 2019 Aug 12 doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0237-z. PMID: 31406343 Free PMC Article

Pituitary dysfunction in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Esposito D, Trimpou P, Giugliano D, Dehlin M, Ragnarsson O
Pituitary 2017 Oct;20(5):594-601. doi: 10.1007/s11102-017-0811-0. PMID: 28540625 Free PMC Article

Rathke's cleft cyst.

Larkin S, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;124:255-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59602-4.00017-4. PMID: 25248592

See all (374)

Diagnosis

Neuroimaging of the Pituitary Gland: Practical Anatomy and Pathology.

Chapman PR, Singhal A, Gaddamanugu S, Prattipati V
Radiol Clin North Am 2020 Nov;58(6):1115-1133. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.07.009. PMID: 33040852

Sellar Tumors.

Schwetye KE, Dahiya SM
Surg Pathol Clin 2020 Jun;13(2):305-329. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2020.02.006. PMID: 32389269

Diabetes insipidus.

Christ-Crain M, Bichet DG, Fenske WK, Goldman MB, Rittig S, Verbalis JG, Verkman AS
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019 Aug 8;5(1):54. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0103-2. PMID: 31395885

Diabetes insipidus.

Maghnie M
Horm Res 2003;59 Suppl 1:42-54. doi: 10.1159/000067844. PMID: 12566720

Neuro-osteology.

Kjaer I
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9(2):224-44. doi: 10.1177/10454411980090020501. PMID: 9603237

See all (667)

Therapy

Endocrine and Metabolic Manifestations of Snakebite Envenoming.

Bhattacharya S, Krishnamurthy A, Gopalakrishnan M, Kalra S, Kantroo V, Aggarwal S, Surana V
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 Oct;103(4):1388-1396. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0161. PMID: 32602439 Free PMC Article

Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.

Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400

Pituitary dysfunction in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Esposito D, Trimpou P, Giugliano D, Dehlin M, Ragnarsson O
Pituitary 2017 Oct;20(5):594-601. doi: 10.1007/s11102-017-0811-0. PMID: 28540625 Free PMC Article

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Mokri B
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001 Mar;1(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/s11910-001-0005-y. PMID: 11898506

Adolescent menstrual irregularity.

Mansfield MJ, Emans SJ
J Reprod Med 1984 Jun;29(6):399-410. PMID: 6379175

See all (224)

Prognosis

Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth.

Sabatino ME, Grondona E, De Paul AL
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:924942. Epub 2022 Jun 28 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.924942. PMID: 35837315 Free PMC Article

What to Do with Incidentally Discovered Pituitary Abnormalities?

Langlois F, Fleseriu M
Med Clin North Am 2021 Nov;105(6):1081-1098. Epub 2021 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.05.015. PMID: 34688416

Phakomatoses and Endocrine Gland Tumors: Noteworthy and (Not so) Rare Associations.

The craniopharyngioma.

Oskouian RJ, Samii A, Laws ERJ Jr
Front Horm Res 2006;34:105-126. doi: 10.1159/000091578. PMID: 16474218

Neuro-osteology.

Kjaer I
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9(2):224-44. doi: 10.1177/10454411980090020501. PMID: 9603237

See all (237)

Clinical prediction guides

Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth.

Sabatino ME, Grondona E, De Paul AL
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:924942. Epub 2022 Jun 28 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.924942. PMID: 35837315 Free PMC Article

Pituitary Stalk Thickening: Causes and Consequences. The Children's Memorial Health Institute Experience and Literature Review.

Moszczyńska E, Kunecka K, Baszyńska-Wilk M, Perek-Polnik M, Majak D, Grajkowska W
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:868558. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868558. PMID: 35669693 Free PMC Article

Complications of acromegaly: thyroid and colon.

Tirosh A, Shimon I
Pituitary 2017 Feb;20(1):70-75. doi: 10.1007/s11102-016-0744-z. PMID: 27631334

Rathke's cleft cysts.

Kanter AS, Sansur CA, Jane JAJ Jr, Laws ERJ Jr
Front Horm Res 2006;34:127-157. doi: 10.1159/000091579. PMID: 16474219

PIT1 abnormality.

Tatsumi K, Amino N
Growth Horm IGF Res 1999 Jun;9 Suppl B:18-22; discussion 23. doi: 10.1016/s1096-6374(99)80076-8. PMID: 10549301

See all (320)

Recent systematic reviews

Primary Tumors of the Posterior Pituitary Gland: A Systematic Review of the Literature in Light of the New 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Pituitary Tumors.

Whipple SG, Savardekar AR, Rao S, Mahadevan A, Guthikonda B, Kosty JA
World Neurosurg 2021 Jan;145:148-158. Epub 2020 Sep 8 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.023. PMID: 32916355

Pituitary dysfunction in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Esposito D, Trimpou P, Giugliano D, Dehlin M, Ragnarsson O
Pituitary 2017 Oct;20(5):594-601. doi: 10.1007/s11102-017-0811-0. PMID: 28540625 Free PMC Article

Case Report of a Primary Pituitary Abscess and Systematic Literature Review of Pituitary Abscess with a Focus on Patient Outcomes.

Agyei JO, Lipinski LJ, Leonardo J
World Neurosurg 2017 May;101:76-92. Epub 2017 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.077. PMID: 28153622

A systematic review of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in first episode psychosis.

Borges S, Gayer-Anderson C, Mondelli V
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013 May;38(5):603-11. Epub 2013 Jan 28 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.025. PMID: 23369532

Cerebral aneurysms with intrasellar extension: a systematic review of clinical, anatomical, and treatment characteristics.

Hanak BW, Zada G, Nayar VV, Thiex R, Du R, Day AL, Laws ER
J Neurosurg 2012 Jan;116(1):164-78. Epub 2011 Nov 4 doi: 10.3171/2011.9.JNS11380. PMID: 22054212

See all (9)

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Abnormal pituitary gland morphology

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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