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Occipital pachygyria and polymicrogyria(OCCM)

MedGen UID:
481505
Concept ID:
C3279875
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Cortical malformations, occipital
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): LAMC3 (9q34.12)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013583
OMIM®: 614115
Orphanet: ORPHA280640

Definition

Occipital cortical malformations (OCCM) is an autosomal recessive condition in which affected individuals develop seizures, sometimes associated with transient visual changes. Brain MRI shows both pachygyria and polymicrogyria restricted to the lateral occipital lobes (summary by Barak et al., 2011). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
EEG abnormality
MedGen UID:
56235
Concept ID:
C0151611
Finding
Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.
Polymicrogyria
MedGen UID:
78605
Concept ID:
C0266464
Congenital Abnormality
Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).
Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure
MedGen UID:
141670
Concept ID:
C0494475
Sign or Symptom
A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Focal impaired awareness automatism seizure
MedGen UID:
1716979
Concept ID:
C5397914
Disease or Syndrome
A focal seizure with automatism in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure.
Pachygyria
MedGen UID:
504794
Concept ID:
CN001193
Finding
Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.
Visual loss
MedGen UID:
784038
Concept ID:
C3665386
Finding
Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVOccipital pachygyria and polymicrogyria
Follow this link to review classifications for Occipital pachygyria and polymicrogyria in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Arrigoni F, Peruzzo D, Mandelstam S, Amorosino G, Redaelli D, Romaniello R, Leventer R, Borgatti R, Seal M, Yang JY
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 Aug;41(8):1495-1502. Epub 2020 Jul 30 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6646. PMID: 32732266Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Goergen SK, Alibrahim E, Christie J, Dobrotwir A, Fahey M, Fender L, Frawley K, Manikkam SA, Pinner JR, Sinnott S, Romaniello R, Sandaradura SA, Taylor J, Vasudevan A, Righini A
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021 Aug;42(8):1528-1534. Epub 2021 May 6 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7131. PMID: 33958329Free PMC Article
Arrigoni F, Peruzzo D, Mandelstam S, Amorosino G, Redaelli D, Romaniello R, Leventer R, Borgatti R, Seal M, Yang JY
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 Aug;41(8):1495-1502. Epub 2020 Jul 30 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6646. PMID: 32732266Free PMC Article
Inan C, Sayin NC, Gurkan H, Atli E, Gursoy Erzincan S, Uzun I, Sutcu H, Dogan S, Ikbal Atli E, Varol F
Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019 Dec;38(6):496-502. Epub 2019 May 26 doi: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1604921. PMID: 31130048
Aida N
J Magn Reson Imaging 1998 Mar-Apr;8(2):317-26. doi: 10.1002/jmri.1880080211. PMID: 9562058

Prognosis

Goergen SK, Alibrahim E, Christie J, Dobrotwir A, Fahey M, Fender L, Frawley K, Manikkam SA, Pinner JR, Sinnott S, Romaniello R, Sandaradura SA, Taylor J, Vasudevan A, Righini A
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021 Aug;42(8):1528-1534. Epub 2021 May 6 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7131. PMID: 33958329Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Goergen SK, Alibrahim E, Christie J, Dobrotwir A, Fahey M, Fender L, Frawley K, Manikkam SA, Pinner JR, Sinnott S, Romaniello R, Sandaradura SA, Taylor J, Vasudevan A, Righini A
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021 Aug;42(8):1528-1534. Epub 2021 May 6 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7131. PMID: 33958329Free PMC Article

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