U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Hypertrophy of the upper limb

MedGen UID:
488921
•Concept ID:
C0575518
•
Finding
Synonyms: Hypertrophy of arm; Hypertrophy of upper limb; Increased size of upper limb; upper limb hypertrophy; Upper limb hypertrophy
SNOMED CT: Hypertrophy of upper limb (298745009); Hypertrophy of arm (298745009)
 
HPO: HP:0010484
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0017476
Orphanet: ORPHA295049

Definition

Abnormal increase in size of the upper limbs (due to an increase of the size of cells). [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHypertrophy of the upper limb
Follow this link to review classifications for Hypertrophy of the upper limb in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Assessment of short-term response and review of technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release for the treatment of trigger finger.
White RZ, Sampson MJ
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2021 Oct;65(6):672-677. Epub 2021 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13171. PMID: 33749135
Management of posttraumatic segmental bone defects.
DeCoster TA, Gehlert RJ, Mikola EA, Pirela-Cruz MA
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2004 Jan-Feb;12(1):28-38. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200401000-00005. PMID: 14753795
Liposuction in arm lymphedema treatment.
Brorson H
Scand J Surg 2003;92(4):287-95. doi: 10.1177/145749690309200409. PMID: 14758919

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Free-Weight and Machine-Based Training Are Equally Effective on Strength and Hypertrophy: Challenging a Traditional Myth.
Hernández-Belmonte A, Martínez-Cava A, Buendía-Romero Á, Franco-López F, Pallarés JG
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023 Dec 1;55(12):2316-2327. Epub 2023 Aug 2 doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003271. PMID: 37535335
How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency.
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J
J Sports Sci 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295. Epub 2018 Dec 17 doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1555906. PMID: 30558493
Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Pope ZK, Benik FM, Hester GM, Sellers J, Nooner JL, Schnaiter JA, Bond-Williams KE, Carter AS, Ross CL, Just BL, Henselmans M, Krieger JW
J Strength Cond Res 2016 Jul;30(7):1805-12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001272. PMID: 26605807
Effects of Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Well-Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Peterson MD, Ogborn D, Contreras B, Sonmez GT
J Strength Cond Res 2015 Oct;29(10):2954-63. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000958. PMID: 25853914
The influence of frequency, intensity, volume and mode of strength training on whole muscle cross-sectional area in humans.
Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Thomeé R
Sports Med 2007;37(3):225-64. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737030-00004. PMID: 17326698

Diagnosis

Osteoid osteoma in the bones of the hand: a systematic literature review.
Meyer J, Rolvien T, Reiter A, Priemel M, Frosch KH, Krukenberg A, Yarar-Schlickewei S
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023 Aug;143(8):5437-5444. Epub 2023 Mar 20 doi: 10.1007/s00402-023-04839-5. PMID: 36939892Free PMC Article
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon.
Pati S, Das MK, Rana A, Das E, Sarkar S, Sherpa N, Datta S
Indian J Pediatr 2021 Nov;88(11):1142-1144. Epub 2021 Jun 9 doi: 10.1007/s12098-021-03817-2. PMID: 34106442
"Electrifying dysmorphology": Potassium channelopathies causing dysmorphic syndromes.
Hamilton MJ, Suri M
Adv Genet 2020;105:137-174. Epub 2020 May 26 doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.03.002. PMID: 32560786
Pacinian neuromas and neurofibromas of the hands and fingers: a systematic review.
Fassola I, Wenzke L, Ertel W, Krasnici S
J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2019 Nov;44(9):925-931. Epub 2019 Jun 2 doi: 10.1177/1753193419852118. PMID: 31156019
Idiopathic hemihypertrophy.
Mohanna MA, Sallam AK
Saudi Med J 2014 Apr;35(4):403-5. PMID: 24749139

Therapy

Upper-extremity blood flow restriction: the proximal, distal, and contralateral effects-a randomized controlled trial.
Bowman EN, Elshaar R, Milligan H, Jue G, Mohr K, Brown P, Watanabe DM, Limpisvasti O
J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020 Jun;29(6):1267-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.003. PMID: 32423577
Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Pope ZK, Benik FM, Hester GM, Sellers J, Nooner JL, Schnaiter JA, Bond-Williams KE, Carter AS, Ross CL, Just BL, Henselmans M, Krieger JW
J Strength Cond Res 2016 Jul;30(7):1805-12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001272. PMID: 26605807
Effects of Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Well-Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Peterson MD, Ogborn D, Contreras B, Sonmez GT
J Strength Cond Res 2015 Oct;29(10):2954-63. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000958. PMID: 25853914
Effects of different volume-equated resistance training loading strategies on muscular adaptations in well-trained men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Ratamess NA, Peterson MD, Contreras B, Sonmez GT, Alvar BA
J Strength Cond Res 2014 Oct;28(10):2909-18. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000480. PMID: 24714538
Effects of grip width on muscle strength and activation in the lat pull-down.
Andersen V, Fimland MS, Wiik E, Skoglund A, Saeterbakken AH
J Strength Cond Res 2014 Apr;28(4):1135-42. doi: 10.1097/JSC.0000000000000232. PMID: 24662157

Prognosis

Sensitivity Analysis of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Models During Isometric and Isokinetic Tasks.
Diaz MT, Harley JB, Nichols JA
J Biomech Eng 2024 Feb 1;146(2) doi: 10.1115/1.4064056. PMID: 37978046Free PMC Article
The acute and chronic effects of "NO LOAD" resistance training.
Counts BR, Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Jessee MB, Mattocks KT, Mouser JG, Laurentino GC, Loenneke JP
Physiol Behav 2016 Oct 1;164(Pt A):345-52. Epub 2016 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.024. PMID: 27329807
The Prevalence of Anatomical Variations of the Median Nerve in the Carpal Tunnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Henry BM, Zwinczewska H, Roy J, Vikse J, Ramakrishnan PK, Walocha JA, Tomaszewski KA
PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0136477. Epub 2015 Aug 25 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136477. PMID: 26305098Free PMC Article
Clinical and morphological phenotype of the filamin myopathy: a study of 31 German patients.
Kley RA, Hellenbroich Y, van der Ven PF, Fürst DO, Huebner A, Bruchertseifer V, Peters SA, Heyer CM, Kirschner J, Schröder R, Fischer D, Müller K, Tolksdorf K, Eger K, Germing A, Brodherr T, Reum C, Walter MC, Lochmüller H, Ketelsen UP, Vorgerd M
Brain 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3250-64. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm271. PMID: 18055494
Pathologic alterations in the diabetic neuropathies of humans: a review.
Dyck PJ, Giannini C
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1996 Dec;55(12):1181-93. doi: 10.1097/00005072-199612000-00001. PMID: 8957441

Clinical prediction guides

Excision of Rudimentary Preaxial Polydactyly of the Hand with Use of Electrocautery.
Shin YH, Yoon JO, Jung HS, Joo HS, Kim JK
Clin Orthop Surg 2022 Mar;14(1):136-140. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.4055/cios20281. PMID: 35251551Free PMC Article
Upper-extremity blood flow restriction: the proximal, distal, and contralateral effects-a randomized controlled trial.
Bowman EN, Elshaar R, Milligan H, Jue G, Mohr K, Brown P, Watanabe DM, Limpisvasti O
J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020 Jun;29(6):1267-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.003. PMID: 32423577
Creatine supplementation elicits greater muscle hypertrophy in upper than lower limbs and trunk in resistance-trained men.
Nunes JP, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Tomeleri CM, Avelar A, Trindade MC, Nabuco HC, Cavalcante EF, Junior PS, Fernandes RR, Carvalho FO, Cyrino ES
Nutr Health 2017 Dec;23(4):223-229. doi: 10.1177/0260106017737013. PMID: 29214923
Oligodactyly with Thumb.
Baek GH, Kim J
J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2016 Oct;21(3):283-91. doi: 10.1142/S2424835516400087. PMID: 27595943
Effects of grip width on muscle strength and activation in the lat pull-down.
Andersen V, Fimland MS, Wiik E, Skoglund A, Saeterbakken AH
J Strength Cond Res 2014 Apr;28(4):1135-42. doi: 10.1097/JSC.0000000000000232. PMID: 24662157

Recent systematic reviews

Osteoid osteoma in the bones of the hand: a systematic literature review.
Meyer J, Rolvien T, Reiter A, Priemel M, Frosch KH, Krukenberg A, Yarar-Schlickewei S
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023 Aug;143(8):5437-5444. Epub 2023 Mar 20 doi: 10.1007/s00402-023-04839-5. PMID: 36939892Free PMC Article
Oral Manifestations of Rett Syndrome-A Systematic Review.
Mahdi SS, Jafri HA, Allana R, Amenta F, Khawaja M, Qasim SSB
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Jan 28;18(3) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031162. PMID: 33525609Free PMC Article
Pacinian neuromas and neurofibromas of the hands and fingers: a systematic review.
Fassola I, Wenzke L, Ertel W, Krasnici S
J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2019 Nov;44(9):925-931. Epub 2019 Jun 2 doi: 10.1177/1753193419852118. PMID: 31156019
How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency.
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J
J Sports Sci 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295. Epub 2018 Dec 17 doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1555906. PMID: 30558493
Subungual exostosis of the toes: a systematic review.
DaCambra MP, Gupta SK, Ferri-de-Barros F
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014 Apr;472(4):1251-9. Epub 2013 Oct 22 doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3345-4. PMID: 24146360Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...