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Abnormal development of female secondary sexual characteristics

MedGen UID:
5146
•Concept ID:
C0015799
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Feminization; Feminizations
SNOMED CT: Abnormal development of female secondary sexual characteristics (418286009); Feminization (473004000); Feminized male (32951002)

Definition

The development of secondary female sex characteristics in males. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAbnormal development of female secondary sexual characteristics

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Management of Vocal Complications after Chondrolaryngoplasty.
Nuyen B, Qian ZJ, Rakkar M, Thomas JP, Erickson-DiRenzo E, Sung CK
Laryngoscope 2023 Sep;133(9):2301-2307. Epub 2022 Dec 28 doi: 10.1002/lary.30518. PMID: 36576093
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Optimal feminizing hormone treatment in transgender people.
Glintborg D, T'Sjoen G, Ravn P, Andersen MS
Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Jun 28;185(2):R49-R63. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0059. PMID: 34081614
Hormonal Management for Transfeminine Individuals.
Abramowitz J, Tangpricha V
Clin Plast Surg 2018 Jul;45(3):313-317. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.003. PMID: 29908618

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Chondrolaryngoplasty.
Tang CG, Debbaneh PM, Kleinberger AJ
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022 Aug;55(4):871-884. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.04.009. PMID: 35750521
Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Adrenal Cortical Tumors.
Mete O, Erickson LA, Juhlin CC, de Krijger RR, Sasano H, Volante M, Papotti MG
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):155-196. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09710-8. PMID: 35288842Free PMC Article
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Optimal feminizing hormone treatment in transgender people.
Glintborg D, T'Sjoen G, Ravn P, Andersen MS
Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Jun 28;185(2):R49-R63. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0059. PMID: 34081614
Gender-confirming Rhinoplasty.
Berli JU, Loyo M
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 May;27(2):251-260. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.01.003. PMID: 30940391
Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: a qualitative follow-up study.
Steensma TD, Biemond R, de Boer F, Cohen-Kettenis PT
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011 Oct;16(4):499-516. Epub 2011 Jan 7 doi: 10.1177/1359104510378303. PMID: 21216800

Diagnosis

Chondrolaryngoplasty.
Tang CG, Debbaneh PM, Kleinberger AJ
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022 Aug;55(4):871-884. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.04.009. PMID: 35750521
Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Adrenal Cortical Tumors.
Mete O, Erickson LA, Juhlin CC, de Krijger RR, Sasano H, Volante M, Papotti MG
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):155-196. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09710-8. PMID: 35288842Free PMC Article
Imaging of Facial Reconstruction and Face Transplantation.
Nayak GK, Berman ZP, Rodriguez ED, Hagiwara M
Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2022 Feb;32(1):255-269. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2021.08.011. PMID: 34809842
Surgical Facial Esthetics for Gender Affirmation.
Sykes JM, Dilger AE, Sinclair A
Dermatol Clin 2020 Apr;38(2):261-268. Epub 2019 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.det.2019.10.011. PMID: 32115136
Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: a qualitative follow-up study.
Steensma TD, Biemond R, de Boer F, Cohen-Kettenis PT
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011 Oct;16(4):499-516. Epub 2011 Jan 7 doi: 10.1177/1359104510378303. PMID: 21216800

Therapy

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Optimal feminizing hormone treatment in transgender people.
Glintborg D, T'Sjoen G, Ravn P, Andersen MS
Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Jun 28;185(2):R49-R63. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0059. PMID: 34081614
Neither soy nor isoflavone intake affects male reproductive hormones: An expanded and updated meta-analysis of clinical studies.
Reed KE, Camargo J, Hamilton-Reeves J, Kurzer M, Messina M
Reprod Toxicol 2021 Mar;100:60-67. Epub 2020 Dec 28 doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.019. PMID: 33383165
Chondrolaryngoplasty-Thyroid Cartilage Reduction.
Sturm A, Chaiet SR
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 May;27(2):267-272. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.01.005. PMID: 30940393
Cheek Augmentation Techniques.
Whitehead DM, Schechter LS
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 May;27(2):199-206. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.12.003. PMID: 30940385
Progesterone Is Important for Transgender Women's Therapy-Applying Evidence for the Benefits of Progesterone in Ciswomen.
Prior JC
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Apr 1;104(4):1181-1186. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01777. PMID: 30608551

Prognosis

Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Adrenal Cortical Tumors.
Mete O, Erickson LA, Juhlin CC, de Krijger RR, Sasano H, Volante M, Papotti MG
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):155-196. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09710-8. PMID: 35288842Free PMC Article
A Diagnostic Approach to Adrenocortical Tumors.
Hodgson A, Pakbaz S, Mete O
Surg Pathol Clin 2019 Dec;12(4):967-995. Epub 2019 Sep 27 doi: 10.1016/j.path.2019.08.005. PMID: 31672302
Midfacial Bony Remodeling.
Lundgren KC, Koudstaal MJ
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 May;27(2):221-226. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.12.004. PMID: 30940387
Role of estrogen treatment in the management of schizophrenia.
Kulkarni J, Gavrilidis E, Worsley R, Hayes E
CNS Drugs 2012 Jul 1;26(7):549-57. doi: 10.2165/11630660-000000000-00000. PMID: 22626057
Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: a qualitative follow-up study.
Steensma TD, Biemond R, de Boer F, Cohen-Kettenis PT
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011 Oct;16(4):499-516. Epub 2011 Jan 7 doi: 10.1177/1359104510378303. PMID: 21216800

Clinical prediction guides

Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Adrenal Cortical Tumors.
Mete O, Erickson LA, Juhlin CC, de Krijger RR, Sasano H, Volante M, Papotti MG
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):155-196. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09710-8. PMID: 35288842Free PMC Article
Perioperative Considerations for Person-Centered Gender-Affirming Surgery.
Tollinche LE, Rosa WE, van Rooyen CD
Adv Anesth 2021 Dec;39:77-96. Epub 2021 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.aan.2021.07.005. PMID: 34715982Free PMC Article
Evaluating Patient Benefit From Laryngochondroplasty.
Tang CG
Laryngoscope 2020 Nov;130 Suppl 5:S1-S14. Epub 2020 Sep 26 doi: 10.1002/lary.29075. PMID: 32978785
Surgical Facial Esthetics for Gender Affirmation.
Sykes JM, Dilger AE, Sinclair A
Dermatol Clin 2020 Apr;38(2):261-268. Epub 2019 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.det.2019.10.011. PMID: 32115136
Midfacial Bony Remodeling.
Lundgren KC, Koudstaal MJ
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 May;27(2):221-226. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.12.004. PMID: 30940387

Recent systematic reviews

Applications of three-dimensional surgical planning in facial feminization surgery: A systematic review.
Escandón JM, Morrison CS, Langstein HN, Ciudad P, Del Corral G, Manrique OJ
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022 Jul;75(7):e1-e14. Epub 2022 Mar 7 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.073. PMID: 35400593
A systematic review of antiandrogens and feminization in transgender women.
Angus LM, Nolan BJ, Zajac JD, Cheung AS
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 May;94(5):743-752. Epub 2020 Oct 5 doi: 10.1111/cen.14329. PMID: 32926454
Laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Schwarz K, Fontanari AMV, Schneider MA, Borba Soll BM, da Silva DC, Spritzer PM, Kazumi Yamaguti Dorfman ME, Kuhl G, Costa AB, Cielo CA, Villas Bôas AP, Lobato MIR
Laryngoscope 2017 Nov;127(11):2596-2603. Epub 2017 Jul 3 doi: 10.1002/lary.26692. PMID: 28671273
A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Transsexual Surgery.
Barone M, Cogliandro A, Di Stefano N, Tambone V, Persichetti P
Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Jun;41(3):700-713. Epub 2017 Feb 15 doi: 10.1007/s00266-017-0812-4. PMID: 28204933
Facial Feminization: Systematic Review of the Literature.
Morrison SD, Vyas KS, Motakef S, Gast KM, Chung MT, Rashidi V, Satterwhite T, Kuzon W, Cederna PS
Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Jun;137(6):1759-1770. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002171. PMID: 27219232

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