From HPO
Aciduria- MedGen UID:
- 488840
- •Concept ID:
- C0278026
- •
- Finding
Excretion of urine with an acid pH, i.e., having an increased hydrogen ion concentration.
Ethylmalonic aciduria- MedGen UID:
- 355967
- •Concept ID:
- C1865353
- •
- Finding
The concentration of ethylmalonic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria- MedGen UID:
- 777186
- •Concept ID:
- C3696376
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased amount of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the urine.
Failure to thrive- MedGen UID:
- 746019
- •Concept ID:
- C2315100
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Ascites- MedGen UID:
- 416
- •Concept ID:
- C0003962
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Hepatomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 42428
- •Concept ID:
- C0019209
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Jaundice- MedGen UID:
- 43987
- •Concept ID:
- C0022346
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.
Vomiting- MedGen UID:
- 12124
- •Concept ID:
- C0042963
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.
Liver failure- MedGen UID:
- 88444
- •Concept ID:
- C0085605
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body. Causes include cirrhosis and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Signs and symptoms include jaundice and encephalopathy. Laboratory test results reveal abnormal plasma levels of ammonia, bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.
Acute liver failure- MedGen UID:
- 58125
- •Concept ID:
- C0162557
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hepatic failure refers to the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions, which can result in coagulopathy and alteration in the mental status of a previously healthy individual. Hepatic failure is defined as acute if there is onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of the onset of symptoms in a patient with a previously healthy liver.
Micronodular cirrhosis- MedGen UID:
- 75640
- •Concept ID:
- C0267812
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A type of cirrhosis characterized by the presence of small regenerative nodules.
Bile duct proliferation- MedGen UID:
- 120603
- •Concept ID:
- C0267818
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Proliferative changes of the bile ducts.
Microvesicular hepatic steatosis- MedGen UID:
- 376784
- •Concept ID:
- C1850415
- •
- Finding
A form of hepatic steatosis characterized by the presence of small, lipid-laden vesicles in the affected hepatocytes.
Cerebellar ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 849
- •Concept ID:
- C0007758
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Gliosis- MedGen UID:
- 4899
- •Concept ID:
- C0017639
- •
- Pathologic Function
Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.
Myoclonus- MedGen UID:
- 10234
- •Concept ID:
- C0027066
- •
- Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Status epilepticus- MedGen UID:
- 11586
- •Concept ID:
- C0038220
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures.
Epilepsia partialis continua- MedGen UID:
- 39303
- •Concept ID:
- C0085543
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Epilepsia partialis continua (also called Kojevnikov's or Kozhevnikov's epilepsia) is a type of focal motor status epilepticus characterized by repeated stereotyped simple motor manifestations such as jerks, typically of a limb or the face, recurring every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days or years).
Encephalopathy- MedGen UID:
- 39314
- •Concept ID:
- C0085584
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.
Cerebral atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 116012
- •Concept ID:
- C0235946
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Tetraparesis- MedGen UID:
- 78731
- •Concept ID:
- C0270790
- •
- Finding
Weakness of all four limbs.
Generalized non-convulsive status epilepticus without coma- MedGen UID:
- 124372
- •Concept ID:
- C0270823
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Generalized non-convulsive status epilepticus without coma is a type of status epilepticus without prominent motor signs, which is electrographically generalized. It is a prolonged absence seizure.
Dementia- MedGen UID:
- 99229
- •Concept ID:
- C0497327
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.
Abnormality of visual evoked potentials- MedGen UID:
- 105509
- •Concept ID:
- C0522214
- •
- Finding
An anomaly of visually evoked potentials (VEP), which are electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex.
Paralysis- MedGen UID:
- 105510
- •Concept ID:
- C0522224
- •
- Finding
Paralysis of voluntary muscles means loss of contraction due to interruption of one or more motor pathways from the brain to the muscle fibers. Although the word paralysis is often used interchangeably to mean either complete or partial loss of muscle strength, it is preferable to use paralysis or plegia for complete or severe loss of muscle strength, and paresis for partial or slight loss. Motor paralysis results from deficits of the upper motor neurons (corticospinal, corticobulbar, or subcorticospinal). Motor paralysis is often accompanied by an impairment in the facility of movement.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Cerebellar atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 196624
- •Concept ID:
- C0740279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Vegetative state- MedGen UID:
- 182977
- •Concept ID:
- C0917808
- •
- Pathologic Function
The absence of wakefulness and consciousness, but in contrast to a coma, there is involuntary opening of the eyes and movements such as teeth grinding, yawning, or thrashing of the extremities.
Increased CSF protein concentration- MedGen UID:
- 329971
- •Concept ID:
- C1806780
- •
- Finding
Increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Developmental regression- MedGen UID:
- 324613
- •Concept ID:
- C1836830
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.
Neuronal loss in central nervous system- MedGen UID:
- 342515
- •Concept ID:
- C1850496
- •
- Finding
Cerebral cortical neurodegeneration- MedGen UID:
- 349259
- •Concept ID:
- C1859863
- •
- Finding
Astrocytosis- MedGen UID:
- 854483
- •Concept ID:
- C3887640
- •
- Pathologic Function
Proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a lesion of the central nervous system.
Focal myoclonic seizure- MedGen UID:
- 869083
- •Concept ID:
- C4023501
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A type of focal motor seizure characterized by sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus.
Hypertonia- MedGen UID:
- 10132
- •Concept ID:
- C0026826
- •
- Finding
A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Osteoporosis- MedGen UID:
- 14535
- •Concept ID:
- C0029456
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD).
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Generalized hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 346841
- •Concept ID:
- C1858120
- •
- Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Tracheomalacia- MedGen UID:
- 215296
- •Concept ID:
- C0948187
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Congenital tracheomalacia is a rare condition where the trachea is soft and flexible causing the tracheal wall to collapse when exhaling, coughing or crying, that usually presents in infancy, and that is characterized by stridor and noisy breathing or upper respiratory infections. Tracheomalacia improves by the age of 18-24 months.
Hypoventilation- MedGen UID:
- 469022
- •Concept ID:
- C3203358
- •
- Pathologic Function
A reduction in the amount of air transported into the pulmonary alveoli by breathing, leading to hypercapnia (increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide).
Anasarca- MedGen UID:
- 101794
- •Concept ID:
- C0151603
- •
- Pathologic Function
An extreme form of generalized edema with widespread and massive edema due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space.
Increased circulating lactate concentration- MedGen UID:
- 332209
- •Concept ID:
- C1836440
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).
Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 338525
- •Concept ID:
- C1848701
- •
- Finding
Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.
Visual loss- MedGen UID:
- 784038
- •Concept ID:
- C3665386
- •
- Finding
Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).
Cerebral visual impairment- MedGen UID:
- 890568
- •Concept ID:
- C4048268
- •
- Pathologic Function
A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Growth abnormality