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Transverse myelitis

MedGen UID:
6488
•Concept ID:
C0026976
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Myelitis, Transverse; Transverse Myelitis; Transverse Myelopathy Syndrome; Transverse Myelopathy Syndromes
SNOMED CT: Transverse myelopathy syndrome (16631009); Transverse myelitis (16631009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021553

Definition

Inflammation of a transverse portion of the spinal cord characterized by acute or subacute segmental demyelination or necrosis. The condition may occur sporadically, follow an infection or vaccination, or present as a paraneoplastic syndrome (see also ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED). Clinical manifestations include motor weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1242-6) [from MeSH]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.
Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Brandt AU, Hemingway C, Neuteboom R, Pandit L, Reindl M, Saiz A, Sato DK, Rostasy K, Paul F, Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):268-282. Epub 2023 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8. PMID: 36706773
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Pathogenesis, treatment, and experimental models.
Wu Y, Zhong L, Geng J
Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Jan;27:412-418. Epub 2018 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.12.002. PMID: 30530071
Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management.
West TW
Discov Med 2013 Oct;16(88):167-77. PMID: 24099672

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Neurological Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccination.
Chatterjee A, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023 Jan;23(1):1-14. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01247-x. PMID: 36445631Free PMC Article
Approach to Myelopathy and Myelitis.
Douglas AG, Xu DJ, Shah MP
Neurol Clin 2022 Feb;40(1):133-156. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.08.009. PMID: 34798966
Myelitis and Other Autoimmune Myelopathies.
Lopez Chiriboga S, Flanagan EP
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Feb 1;27(1):62-92. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000900. PMID: 33522737
Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis and infectious diseases.
Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Monsalve DM, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM
Cell Mol Immunol 2018 Jun;15(6):547-562. Epub 2018 Jan 29 doi: 10.1038/cmi.2017.142. PMID: 29375121Free PMC Article
The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.
Kitley JL, Leite MI, George JS, Palace JA
Mult Scler 2012 Mar;18(3):271-85. Epub 2011 Jun 13 doi: 10.1177/1352458511406165. PMID: 21669935

Diagnosis

Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management.
West TW
Discov Med 2013 Oct;16(88):167-77. PMID: 24099672
Acute transverse myelitis: demyelinating, inflammatory, and infectious myelopathies.
West TW, Hess C, Cree BA
Semin Neurol 2012 Apr;32(2):97-113. Epub 2012 Sep 8 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1322586. PMID: 22961185
The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.
Kitley JL, Leite MI, George JS, Palace JA
Mult Scler 2012 Mar;18(3):271-85. Epub 2011 Jun 13 doi: 10.1177/1352458511406165. PMID: 21669935
Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis--it's not all neuromyelitis optica.
Trebst C, Raab P, Voss EV, Rommer P, Abu-Mugheisib M, Zettl UK, Stangel M
Nat Rev Neurol 2011 Nov 1;7(12):688-98. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.176. PMID: 22045269
Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis.
Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group
Neurology 2002 Aug 27;59(4):499-505. doi: 10.1212/wnl.59.4.499. PMID: 12236201

Therapy

Neurological Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccination.
Chatterjee A, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023 Jan;23(1):1-14. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01247-x. PMID: 36445631Free PMC Article
Neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
Finsterer J
Acta Neurol Scand 2022 Jan;145(1):5-9. Epub 2021 Nov 8 doi: 10.1111/ane.13550. PMID: 34750810Free PMC Article
Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination.
Garg RK, Paliwal VK
Neurol Sci 2022 Jan;43(1):3-40. Epub 2021 Oct 31 doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05662-9. PMID: 34719776Free PMC Article
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.
Carnero Contentti E, Correale J
J Neuroinflammation 2021 Sep 16;18(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02249-1. PMID: 34530847Free PMC Article
Neuromyelitis optica.
Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, Levy M, Kim HJ, Wildemann B
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Oct 22;6(1):85. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0214-9. PMID: 33093467

Prognosis

Myelitis and Other Autoimmune Myelopathies.
Lopez Chiriboga S, Flanagan EP
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Feb 1;27(1):62-92. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000900. PMID: 33522737
Neuromyelitis optica.
Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, Levy M, Kim HJ, Wildemann B
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Oct 22;6(1):85. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0214-9. PMID: 33093467
Imaging Approach to Myelopathy: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic.
Kranz PG, Amrhein TJ
Radiol Clin North Am 2019 Mar;57(2):257-279. Epub 2018 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2018.09.006. PMID: 30709470
Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management.
West TW
Discov Med 2013 Oct;16(88):167-77. PMID: 24099672
The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.
Kitley JL, Leite MI, George JS, Palace JA
Mult Scler 2012 Mar;18(3):271-85. Epub 2011 Jun 13 doi: 10.1177/1352458511406165. PMID: 21669935

Clinical prediction guides

A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination.
Ismail II, Salama S
J Neuroimmunol 2022 Jan 15;362:577765. Epub 2021 Nov 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577765. PMID: 34839149Free PMC Article
Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.
Chan KH, Lee CY
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Aug 11;22(16) doi: 10.3390/ijms22168638. PMID: 34445343Free PMC Article
Clinical, Radiologic, and Prognostic Features of Myelitis Associated With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody.
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP
JAMA Neurol 2019 Mar 1;76(3):301-309. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4053. PMID: 30575890Free PMC Article
Neurological update: MOG antibody disease.
Wynford-Thomas R, Jacob A, Tomassini V
J Neurol 2019 May;266(5):1280-1286. Epub 2018 Dec 19 doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9122-2. PMID: 30569382Free PMC Article
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923

Recent systematic reviews

Covid-19 vaccines and neurological complications: a systematic review.
Allahyari F, Molaee H, Hosseini Nejad J
Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 2023 Jan 27;78(1-2):1-8. Epub 2022 Sep 12 doi: 10.1515/znc-2022-0092. PMID: 36087300
A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination.
Ismail II, Salama S
J Neuroimmunol 2022 Jan 15;362:577765. Epub 2021 Nov 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577765. PMID: 34839149Free PMC Article
Association of CNS demyelination and COVID-19 infection: an updated systematic review.
Ismail II, Salama S
J Neurol 2022 Feb;269(2):541-576. Epub 2021 Aug 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10752-x. PMID: 34386902Free PMC Article
Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM):Clinical Review of 43 Patients With COVID-19-Associated ATM and 3 Post-Vaccination ATM Serious Adverse Events With the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222).
Román GC, Gracia F, Torres A, Palacios A, Gracia K, Harris D
Front Immunol 2021;12:653786. Epub 2021 Apr 26 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653786. PMID: 33981305Free PMC Article
Severe cytomegalovirus infection in apparently immunocompetent patients: a systematic review.
Rafailidis PI, Mourtzoukou EG, Varbobitis IC, Falagas ME
Virol J 2008 Mar 27;5:47. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-47. PMID: 18371229Free PMC Article

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