U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Shoulder dystocia

MedGen UID:
78711
•Concept ID:
C0269825
•
Disease or Syndrome; Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Dystocia, Shoulder; Shoulder Dystocia; Shoulder Dystocias
SNOMED CT: Shoulder girdle dystocia (89700002); Impacted shoulders (89700002); Shoulder dystocia (89700002)
 
HPO: HP:0011413

Definition

Shoulder dystocia occurs when the fetal anterior shoulder impacts against the maternal symphysis following delivery of the vertex. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVShoulder dystocia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evaluation and Management of Fetal Macrosomia.
Nguyen MT, Ouzounian JG
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;48(2):387-399. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.02.008. PMID: 33972073
Macrosomia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 216.
Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jan;135(1):e18-e35. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003606. PMID: 31856124
Practice Bulletin No 178: Shoulder Dystocia.
Obstet Gynecol 2017 May;129(5):e123-e133. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002043. PMID: 28426618

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Evaluation and Management of Fetal Macrosomia.
Nguyen MT, Ouzounian JG
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;48(2):387-399. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.02.008. PMID: 33972073
Shoulder Dystocia: Managing an Obstetric Emergency.
Hill DA, Lense J, Roepcke F
Am Fam Physician 2020 Jul 15;102(2):84-90. PMID: 32667171
Macrosomia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 216.
Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jan;135(1):e18-e35. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003606. PMID: 31856124
Macrosomia.
Araujo Júnior E, Peixoto AB, Zamarian AC, Elito Júnior J, Tonni G
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Jan;38:83-96. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003. PMID: 27727018
Shoulder dystocia: prediction and management.
Hill MG, Cohen WR
Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12(2):251-61. Epub 2016 Feb 22 doi: 10.2217/whe.15.103. PMID: 26901875Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.
Simmons D, Immanuel J, Hague WM, Teede H, Nolan CJ, Peek MJ, Flack JR, McLean M, Wong V, Hibbert E, Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Backman H, Gianatti E, Sweeting A, Mohan V, Enticott J, Cheung NW; TOBOGM Research Group
N Engl J Med 2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956. PMID: 37144983
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F
BMJ 2022 May 25;377:e067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946. PMID: 35613728Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Management of Fetal Macrosomia.
Nguyen MT, Ouzounian JG
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;48(2):387-399. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.02.008. PMID: 33972073
Gestational Diabetes: Diagnosis, Classification, and Clinical Care.
Mack LR, Tomich PG
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2017 Jun;44(2):207-217. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.002. PMID: 28499531
Macrosomia.
Araujo Júnior E, Peixoto AB, Zamarian AC, Elito Júnior J, Tonni G
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Jan;38:83-96. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003. PMID: 27727018

Therapy

Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.
Simmons D, Immanuel J, Hague WM, Teede H, Nolan CJ, Peek MJ, Flack JR, McLean M, Wong V, Hibbert E, Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Backman H, Gianatti E, Sweeting A, Mohan V, Enticott J, Cheung NW; TOBOGM Research Group
N Engl J Med 2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956. PMID: 37144983
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F
BMJ 2022 May 25;377:e067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946. PMID: 35613728Free PMC Article
A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening.
Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Ogasawara KK, Vesco KK, Oshiro CES, Lubarsky SL, Van Marter J
N Engl J Med 2021 Mar 11;384(10):895-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026028. PMID: 33704936Free PMC Article
Maternal and neonatal complications of fetal macrosomia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Beta J, Khan N, Khalil A, Fiolna M, Ramadan G, Akolekar R
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Sep;54(3):308-318. Epub 2019 Aug 2 doi: 10.1002/uog.20279. PMID: 30938004
Shoulder dystocia: prediction and management.
Hill MG, Cohen WR
Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12(2):251-61. Epub 2016 Feb 22 doi: 10.2217/whe.15.103. PMID: 26901875Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F
BMJ 2022 May 25;377:e067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946. PMID: 35613728Free PMC Article
A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening.
Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Ogasawara KK, Vesco KK, Oshiro CES, Lubarsky SL, Van Marter J
N Engl J Med 2021 Mar 11;384(10):895-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026028. PMID: 33704936Free PMC Article
Macrosomia.
Araujo Júnior E, Peixoto AB, Zamarian AC, Elito Júnior J, Tonni G
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Jan;38:83-96. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003. PMID: 27727018
Shoulder dystocia: prediction and management.
Hill MG, Cohen WR
Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12(2):251-61. Epub 2016 Feb 22 doi: 10.2217/whe.15.103. PMID: 26901875Free PMC Article
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Spaight C, Gross J, Horsch A, Puder JJ
Endocr Dev 2016;31:163-78. Epub 2016 Jan 19 doi: 10.1159/000439413. PMID: 26824237

Clinical prediction guides

Macrosomia.
Araujo Júnior E, Peixoto AB, Zamarian AC, Elito Júnior J, Tonni G
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Jan;38:83-96. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003. PMID: 27727018
Shoulder dystocia: prediction and management.
Hill MG, Cohen WR
Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12(2):251-61. Epub 2016 Feb 22 doi: 10.2217/whe.15.103. PMID: 26901875Free PMC Article
Shoulder dystocia.
Grobman W
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013 Mar;40(1):59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.11.006. PMID: 23466137
Screening and diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus.
Hartling L, Dryden DM, Guthrie A, Muise M, Vandermeer B, Aktary WM, Pasichnyk D, Seida JC, Donovan L
Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2012 Oct;(210):1-327. PMID: 24423035Free PMC Article
Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes.
Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, McPhee AJ, Jeffries WS, Robinson JS; Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group
N Engl J Med 2005 Jun 16;352(24):2477-86. Epub 2005 Jun 12 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042973. PMID: 15951574

Recent systematic reviews

Comparison of Maternal Labor-Related Complications and Neonatal Outcomes Following Elective Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks of Gestation vs Expectant Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Hong J, Atkinson J, Roddy Mitchell A, Tong S, Walker SP, Middleton A, Lindquist A, Hastie R
JAMA Netw Open 2023 May 1;6(5):e2313162. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13162. PMID: 37171818Free PMC Article
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F
BMJ 2022 May 25;377:e067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946. PMID: 35613728Free PMC Article
Maternal and neonatal complications of fetal macrosomia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Beta J, Khan N, Khalil A, Fiolna M, Ramadan G, Akolekar R
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Sep;54(3):308-318. Epub 2019 Aug 2 doi: 10.1002/uog.20279. PMID: 30938004
Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Brown J, Ceysens G, Boulvain M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Jun 22;6(6):CD012202. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012202.pub2. PMID: 28639706Free PMC Article
Hyperglycaemia and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Farrar D, Simmonds M, Bryant M, Sheldon TA, Tuffnell D, Golder S, Dunne F, Lawlor DA
BMJ 2016 Sep 13;354:i4694. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i4694. PMID: 27624087Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...