From HPO
Polycystic kidney disease- MedGen UID:
- 9639
- •Concept ID:
- C0022680
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of multiple cysts in both kidneys.
Micropenis- MedGen UID:
- 1633603
- •Concept ID:
- C4551492
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Micromelia- MedGen UID:
- 10031
- •Concept ID:
- C0025995
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The presence of abnormally small extremities.
Postaxial polydactyly- MedGen UID:
- 67394
- •Concept ID:
- C0220697
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Polydactyly refers to the occurrence of supernumerary digits and is the most frequent of congenital hand and foot deformities. Based on the location of the extra digits, polydactyly can be classified into preaxial, involving the thumb or great toe; postaxial, affecting the fifth digit; and central, involving the 3 central digits. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is further subclassified into 2 types: in type A, a well-formed extra digit articulates with the fifth or a sixth metacarpal, whereas in type B, a rudimentary, poorly developed extra digit is present (summary by Umm-e-Kalsoom et al., 2012).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Postaxial Polydactyly
Other forms of postaxial polydactyly type A include PAPA2 (602085) on chromosome 13q21; PAPA3 (607324) on chromosome 19p13; PAPA4 (608562) on chromosome 7q22; PAPA5 (263450) on chromosome 13q13; PAPA6 (615226), caused by mutation in the ZNF141 gene (194648) on chromosome 4p16; PAPA7 (617642), caused by mutation in the IQCE gene (617631) on chromosome 7p22; PAPA8 (618123), caused by mutation in the GLI1 gene (165220) on chromosome 12q13; PAPA9 (618219), caused by mutation in the FAM98A gene (617273) on chromosome 8q22; and PAPA10 (618498), caused by mutation in the KIAA0825 gene (617266) on chromosome 5q15.
Preaxial polydactyly- MedGen UID:
- 87498
- •Concept ID:
- C0345354
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A form of polydactyly in which the extra digit or digits are localized on the side of the thumb or great toe.
Atrial septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 6753
- •Concept ID:
- C0018817
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Hamartoma of tongue- MedGen UID:
- 98465
- •Concept ID:
- C0431565
- •
- Finding
A benign (noncancerous) tumorlike malformation made up of an abnormal mixture of cells and tissues that originates in the tongue.
Low-set ears- MedGen UID:
- 65980
- •Concept ID:
- C0239234
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Anencephaly- MedGen UID:
- 8068
- •Concept ID:
- C0002902
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Anencephaly is a condition that prevents the normal development of the brain and the bones of the skull. This condition results when a structure called the neural tube fails to close during the first few weeks of embryonic development. The neural tube is a layer of cells that ultimately develops into the brain and spinal cord. Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect.\n\nBecause these nervous system abnormalities are so severe, almost all babies with anencephaly die before birth or within a few hours or days after birth.\n\nBecause the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb. This exposure causes the nervous system tissue to break down (degenerate). As a result, people with anencephaly are missing large parts of the brain called the cerebrum and cerebellum. These brain regions are necessary for thinking, hearing, vision, emotion, and coordinating movement. The bones of the skull are also missing or incompletely formed.
Hydrocephalus- MedGen UID:
- 9335
- •Concept ID:
- C0020255
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.
Polymicrogyria- MedGen UID:
- 78605
- •Concept ID:
- C0266464
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum- MedGen UID:
- 138005
- •Concept ID:
- C0344482
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Hyporeflexia- MedGen UID:
- 195967
- •Concept ID:
- C0700078
- •
- Finding
Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 333548
- •Concept ID:
- C1840379
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.
Hypoplasia of the brainstem- MedGen UID:
- 334226
- •Concept ID:
- C1842688
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the brainstem.
Occipital meningocele- MedGen UID:
- 336389
- •Concept ID:
- C1848652
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A herniation of meninges through a congenital bone defect in the skull in the occipital region.
Molar tooth sign on MRI- MedGen UID:
- 400670
- •Concept ID:
- C1865060
- •
- Finding
An abnormal appearance of the midbrain in axial magnetic resonance imaging in which the elongated superior cerebellar peduncles give the midbrain an appearance reminiscent of a molar or wisdom tooth.
Ventriculomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 480553
- •Concept ID:
- C3278923
- •
- Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Aplasia of the olfactory bulb- MedGen UID:
- 1696661
- •Concept ID:
- C5139362
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Lack of formation (congenital absence) of the olfactory bulb.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia- MedGen UID:
- 68625
- •Concept ID:
- C0235833
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth.
Narrow chest- MedGen UID:
- 96528
- •Concept ID:
- C0426790
- •
- Finding
Reduced width of the chest from side to side, associated with a reduced distance from the sternal notch to the tip of the shoulder.
Short ribs- MedGen UID:
- 98094
- •Concept ID:
- C0426817
- •
- Finding
Reduced rib length.
Enlarged cisterna magna- MedGen UID:
- 344031
- •Concept ID:
- C1853377
- •
- Finding
Increase in size of the cisterna magna, one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater, located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata.
Aplastic clavicle- MedGen UID:
- 341820
- •Concept ID:
- C1857665
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Absence of the clavicles as a developmental defect.
Generalized hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 346841
- •Concept ID:
- C1858120
- •
- Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Pulmonary hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 78574
- •Concept ID:
- C0265783
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A congenital abnormality in which the lung parenchyma is not fully developed. It may be associated with other congenital abnormalities.
Short neck- MedGen UID:
- 99267
- •Concept ID:
- C0521525
- •
- Finding
Diminished length of the neck.
Depressed nasal bridge- MedGen UID:
- 373112
- •Concept ID:
- C1836542
- •
- Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Cleft palate- MedGen UID:
- 756015
- •Concept ID:
- C2981150
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Accessory oral frenulum- MedGen UID:
- 867439
- •Concept ID:
- C4021814
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Extra fold of tissue extending from the alveolar ridge to the inner surface of the upper or lower lip.
Polyhydramnios- MedGen UID:
- 6936
- •Concept ID:
- C0020224
- •
- Pathologic Function
The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy.
Hydrops fetalis- MedGen UID:
- 6947
- •Concept ID:
- C0020305
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and skin edema.
Retinal coloboma- MedGen UID:
- 761889
- •Concept ID:
- C3540764
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A notch or cleft of the retina.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of prenatal development or birth
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Ear malformation