From HPO
Nephroblastoma- MedGen UID:
- 10221
- •Concept ID:
- C0027708
- •
- Neoplastic Process
The presence of a nephroblastoma, which is a neoplasm of the kidney that primarily affects children.
Hepatoblastoma- MedGen UID:
- 61644
- •Concept ID:
- C0206624
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A kind of neoplasm of the liver that originates from immature liver precursor cells and macroscopically is composed of tissue resembling fetal or mature liver cells or bile ducts.
Gonadoblastoma- MedGen UID:
- 104912
- •Concept ID:
- C0206661
- •
- Neoplastic Process
The presence of a gonadoblastoma, a neoplasm of a gonad that consists of aggregates of germ cells and sex cord elements.
Adrenal cortex carcinoma- MedGen UID:
- 104917
- •Concept ID:
- C0206686
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A malignant neoplasm of the adrenal cortex that may produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, or testosterone.
Cryptorchidism- MedGen UID:
- 8192
- •Concept ID:
- C0010417
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Nephrocalcinosis- MedGen UID:
- 10222
- •Concept ID:
- C0027709
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium salts in renal parenchyma.
Vesicoureteral reflux- MedGen UID:
- 21852
- •Concept ID:
- C0042580
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. It is a risk factor for urinary tract infections. Primary VUR results from a developmental defect of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). In combination with intrarenal reflux, the resulting inflammatory reaction may result in renal injury or scarring, also called reflux nephropathy (RN). Extensive renal scarring impairs renal function and may predispose patients to hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency (summary by Lu et al., 2007).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Vesicoureteral Reflux
A locus designated VUR1 maps to chromosome 1p13. VUR2 (610878) is caused by mutation in the ROBO2 gene (602431) on chromosome 3p12; VUR3 (613674) is caused by mutation in the SOX17 gene (610928) on chromosome 8q11; VUR4 (614317) maps to chromosome 5; VUR5 (614318) maps to chromosome 13; VUR6 (614319) maps to chromosome 18; VUR7 (615390) maps to chromosome 12; and VUR8 (615963) is caused by mutation in the TNXB gene (600985) on chromosome 6p21. A possible X-linked form has been reported (VURX; 314550).
Nephrolithiasis- MedGen UID:
- 98227
- •Concept ID:
- C0392525
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of calculi (stones) in the kidneys.
Enlarged kidney- MedGen UID:
- 108156
- •Concept ID:
- C0542518
- •
- Finding
An abnormal increase in the size of the kidney.
Overgrowth of external genitalia- MedGen UID:
- 377097
- •Concept ID:
- C1851722
- •
- Finding
Renal cortical cysts- MedGen UID:
- 370605
- •Concept ID:
- C1969144
- •
- Finding
Cysts of the cortex of the kidney.
Cardiomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 5459
- •Concept ID:
- C0018800
- •
- Finding
Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.
Cardiomyopathy- MedGen UID:
- 209232
- •Concept ID:
- C0878544
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality.
Hemihypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 90701
- •Concept ID:
- C0332890
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Overgrowth of only one side of the body.
Overgrowth- MedGen UID:
- 376550
- •Concept ID:
- C1849265
- •
- Finding
Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased head circumference.
Hepatomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 42428
- •Concept ID:
- C0019209
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Pancreatic hyperplasia- MedGen UID:
- 338770
- •Concept ID:
- C1851733
- •
- Finding
Hyperplasia of the pancreas.
Posterior helix pit- MedGen UID:
- 867181
- •Concept ID:
- C4021539
- •
- Finding
Permanent indentation on the posteromedial aspect of the helix that may be sharply or indistinctly delineated.
Dandy-Walker syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 4150
- •Concept ID:
- C0010964
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Dandy-Walker malformation is defined by hypoplasia and upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle. Affected individuals often have motor deficits such as delayed motor development, hypotonia, and ataxia; about half have mental retardation and some have hydrocephalus. DWM is a heterogeneous disorder. The low empiric recurrence risk of approximately 1 to 2% for nonsyndromic DWM suggests that mendelian inheritance is unlikely (summary by Murray et al., 1985).
Diastasis recti- MedGen UID:
- 113171
- •Concept ID:
- C0221766
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A separation of the rectus abdominis muscle into right and left halves (which are normally joined at the midline at the linea alba).
Large fontanelles- MedGen UID:
- 105329
- •Concept ID:
- C0456132
- •
- Finding
In newborns, the two frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone are joined by fibrous sutures, which form a small posterior fontanelle, and a larger, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle. These regions allow for the skull to pass the birth canal and for later growth. The fontanelles gradually ossify, whereby the posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks and the anterior fontanelle by the 9th to 16th month of age. Large fontanelles are diagnosed if the fontanelles are larger than age-dependent norms.
Accelerated skeletal maturation- MedGen UID:
- 154262
- •Concept ID:
- C0545053
- •
- Finding
An abnormally increased rate of skeletal maturation. Accelerated skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.
Congenital omphalocele- MedGen UID:
- 162756
- •Concept ID:
- C0795690
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect limited to an open umbilical ring, and is characterized by the herniation of membrane-covered internal organs into the open base of the umbilical cord. Omphalocele is distinguished from gastroschisis (230750), in which the abdominal wall defect is located laterally to a normally closed umbilical ring with herniation of organs that are uncovered by membranes (summary by Bugge, 2010). On the basis of clinical manifestations, epidemiologic characteristics, and the presence of additional malformations, Yang et al. (1992) concluded that omphalocele and gastroschisis are casually and pathogenetically distinct abdominal wall defects.
Omphalocele can be a feature of genetic disorders, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (130650) and the Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (182210).
Prominent occiput- MedGen UID:
- 381255
- •Concept ID:
- C1853737
- •
- Finding
Increased convexity of the occiput (posterior part of the skull).
Prominent metopic ridge- MedGen UID:
- 387953
- •Concept ID:
- C1857949
- •
- Finding
Vertical bony ridge positioned in the midline of the forehead.
Neonatal hypoglycemia- MedGen UID:
- 57646
- •Concept ID:
- C0158986
- •
- Finding
Blood glucose concentration below the lower limit of established reference ranges in a newborn.
Macroglossia- MedGen UID:
- 44236
- •Concept ID:
- C0024421
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Increased length and width of the tongue.
Coarse facial features- MedGen UID:
- 335284
- •Concept ID:
- C1845847
- •
- Finding
Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.
Midface retrusion- MedGen UID:
- 339938
- •Concept ID:
- C1853242
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Nevus flammeus- MedGen UID:
- 65911
- •Concept ID:
- C0235752
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A congenital vascular malformation consisting of superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin which produce a reddish to purplish discolouration of the skin.
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia- MedGen UID:
- 853130
- •Concept ID:
- C1096298
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare anomaly characterized by placentomegaly, dilatation of chorionic vessels and hydropic stem villi with cistern-like formation. It is often clinically mistaken for a partial hydatidiform mole but there is no trophoblastic proliferation. P57 immunohistochemical expression is discordant, showing a normal positive expression in the cytotrophoblastic cells, and loss of expression in the stromal cells.
Adrenocortical cytomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 342072
- •Concept ID:
- C1851720
- •
- Finding
The presence of large polyhedral cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei in the adrenal cortex.
Proptosis- MedGen UID:
- 41917
- •Concept ID:
- C0015300
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of prenatal development or birth
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the endocrine system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Ear malformation
- Growth abnormality
- Neoplasm