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Osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae, dominant form(OI4)

MedGen UID:
78665
Concept ID:
C0268363
Congenital Abnormality; Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Common Variable Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Normal Sclerae; OI type 4; OI type IV; OI4; Osteogenesis imperfecta type 4; Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type IV; Osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae; OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA, TYPE IV, WITH DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
SNOMED CT: Osteogenesis imperfecta type IV (205497004); Osteogenesis imperfecta, type IV (205497004); Osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae, dominant form (205497004)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Genes (locations): COL1A1 (17q21.33); COL1A2 (7q21.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0008148
OMIM®: 166220
Orphanet: ORPHA216820

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: COL1A1/2 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
COL1A1/2 osteogenesis imperfecta (COL1A1/2-OI) is characterized by fractures with minimal or absent trauma, variable dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), and, in adult years, hearing loss. The clinical features of COL1A1/2-OI represent a continuum ranging from perinatal lethality to individuals with severe skeletal deformities, mobility impairments, and very short stature to nearly asymptomatic individuals with a mild predisposition to fractures, normal dentition, normal stature, and normal life span. Fractures can occur in any bone but are most common in the extremities. DI is characterized by gray or brown teeth that may appear translucent, wear down, and break easily. COL1A1/2-OI has been classified into four types based on clinical presentation and radiographic findings. This classification system can be helpful in providing information about prognosis and management for a given individual. The four more common OI types are now referred to as follows: Classic non-deforming OI with blue sclerae (previously OI type I). Perinatally lethal OI (previously OI type II). Progressively deforming OI (previously OI type III). Common variable OI with normal sclerae (previously OI type IV). [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Robert D Steiner  |  Donald Basel   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder that is caused by an abnormality of type I collagen in over 90% of cases. Due to considerable phenotypic variability, Sillence et al. (1979) developed a classification of OI subtypes: OI type I with blue sclerae (166200); perinatal lethal OI type II, also known as congenital OI (166210); OI type III, a progressively deforming form with normal sclera (259420); and OI type IV, with normal sclerae. Levin et al. (1978) suggested that OI subtypes could be further divided into types A and B based on the absence or presence of dentinogenesis imperfecta.  http://www.omim.org/entry/166220
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Other types of osteogenesis imperfecta are more severe, causing frequent bone fractures that are present at birth and result from little or no trauma. Additional features of these types can include blue sclerae of the eyes, short stature, curvature of the spine (scoliosis), joint deformities (contractures), hearing loss, respiratory problems, and a disorder of tooth development called dentinogenesis imperfecta. Mobility can be reduced in affected individuals, and some may use a walker or wheelchair. The most severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, particularly type II, can include an abnormally small, fragile rib cage and underdeveloped lungs. Infants with these abnormalities may have life-threatening problems with breathing and can die shortly after birth.

The milder forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, including type I, are characterized by bone fractures during childhood and adolescence that often result from minor trauma, such as falling while learning to walk. Fractures occur less frequently in adulthood. People with mild forms of the condition typically have a blue or grey tint to the part of the eye that is usually white (the sclera), and about half develop hearing loss in adulthood. Unlike more severely affected individuals, people with type I are usually of normal or near normal height.

There are at least 19 recognized forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, designated type I through type XIX. Several types are distinguished by their signs and symptoms, although their characteristic features overlap. Increasingly, genetic causes are used to define rarer forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. Type I (also known as classic non-deforming osteogenesis imperfecta with blue sclerae) is the mildest form of osteogenesis imperfecta. Type II (also known as perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta) is the most severe. Other types of this condition, including types III (progressively deforming osteogenesis imperfecta) and IV (common variable osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae), have signs and symptoms that fall somewhere between these two extremes.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. The term "osteogenesis imperfecta" means imperfect bone formation. People with this condition have bones that break (fracture) easily, often from mild trauma or with no apparent cause. Multiple fractures are common, and in severe cases, can occur even before birth. Milder cases may involve only a few fractures over a person's lifetime.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta

Clinical features

From HPO
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Otosclerosis
MedGen UID:
10508
Concept ID:
C0029899
Disease or Syndrome
Clinical otosclerosis, the single most common cause of hearing impairment, is characterized by isolated endochondral bone sclerosis of the labyrinthine capsule. Otosclerotic foci invade the stapediovestibular joint (oval window) and interfere with free motion of the stapes. Mean age of onset is in the third decade and 90% of affected persons are under 50 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Approximately 10% of affected persons develop profound sensorineural hearing loss across all frequencies (summary by Tomek et al., 1998). Genetic Heterogeneity of Otosclerosis The locus associated with otosclerosis-1 (OTSC1) has been mapped to chromosome 15q26.1. Other loci associated with otosclerosis include OTSC2 (605727) on chromosome 7q; OTSC3 (608244) on chromosome 6p; OTSC4 (611571) on chromosome 16q; OTSC5 (608787) on chromosome 3q22-q24; OTSC7 (611572) on chromosome 6q13; OTSC8 (612096) on chromosome 9p13.1-q21.11; and OTSC10 (615589) on chromosome 1q41-q44. OTSC11 (620576) is caused by mutation in the FOXL1 gene (603252) on chromosome 16q24. The symbols OTSC6 and OTSC9 were reserved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee on January 30, 2003 and February 10, 2009, respectively, for as yet unpublished loci for otosclerosis.
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
MedGen UID:
8313
Concept ID:
C0011436
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental dysplasia of dentin.
Recurrent fractures
MedGen UID:
42094
Concept ID:
C0016655
Injury or Poisoning
The repeated occurrence of bone fractures (implying an abnormally increased tendency for fracture).
Kyphosis
MedGen UID:
44042
Concept ID:
C0022821
Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Increased susceptibility to fractures
MedGen UID:
234655
Concept ID:
C1390474
Finding
An abnormally increased tendency to fractures of bones caused by an abnormal reduction in bone strength that is generally associated with an increased risk of fracture.
Biconcave flattened vertebrae
MedGen UID:
318956
Concept ID:
C1833753
Finding
Femoral bowing present at birth, straightening with time
MedGen UID:
371642
Concept ID:
C1833754
Finding
Congenital onset bending or abnormal curvature of the femur that normalizes with age.
Bowing of limbs due to multiple fractures
MedGen UID:
376722
Concept ID:
C1850178
Finding
Curvature of the shafts of the long bones due to multiple fractures.
Reduced bone mineral density
MedGen UID:
393152
Concept ID:
C2674432
Finding
A reduction of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones.
Wormian bones
MedGen UID:
766814
Concept ID:
C3553900
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of extra bones within a cranial suture. Wormian bones are irregular isolated bones which appear in addition to the usual centers of ossification of the cranium.
Blue sclerae
MedGen UID:
154236
Concept ID:
C0542514
Finding
An abnormal bluish coloration of the sclera.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Balasubramanian M, Parker MJ, Dalton A, Giunta C, Lindert U, Peres LC, Wagner BE, Arundel P, Offiah A, Bishop NJ
Clin Dysmorphol 2013 Jul;22(3):93-101. doi: 10.1097/MCD.0b013e32836032f0. PMID: 23612438

Recent clinical studies

Diagnosis

Balasubramanian M, Parker MJ, Dalton A, Giunta C, Lindert U, Peres LC, Wagner BE, Arundel P, Offiah A, Bishop NJ
Clin Dysmorphol 2013 Jul;22(3):93-101. doi: 10.1097/MCD.0b013e32836032f0. PMID: 23612438

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