MedGen

Any hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TCAP gene. [from MONDO]

A mild form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with characteristics of muscle weakness in the four limbs, mild scapular winging, severe atrophy of the quadriceps and anterior tibialis muscles, calf hypertrophy and lack of respiratory and cardiac involvement. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Hereditary ventricular hypertrophy (CMH, HCM, ASH, or IHSS) in early stages produces a presystolic gallop due to an atrial heart sound, and EKG changes of ventricular hypertrophy. Progressive ventricular outflow obstruction may cause palpitation associated with arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, and sudden death. Seidman (2000) reviewed studies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in man and mouse. Reviews Walsh et al. (2022) reviewed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes associated with variation in genes encoding nonsarcomeric proteins. The authors suggested that these genes likely contribute to polygenic risk scores derived from genomewide association studies that could be used to improve risk assessment in patients and family members, and noted that the diverse functions of the proteins highlight novel disease pathways and therapeutic targets for cardiomyopathies. Genetic Heterogeneity of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Additional forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include CMH2 (115195), caused by mutation in the TNNT2 gene (191045) on chromosome 1q32; CMH3 (115196), caused by mutation in the TPM1 gene (191010) on chromosome 15q22; CMH4 (115197), caused by mutation in the MYBPC3 gene (600958) on chromosome 11p11; CMH6 (600858), caused by mutation in the PRKAG2 gene (602743) on chromosome 7q36; CMH7 (613690), caused by mutation in the TNNI3 gene (191044) on chromosome 19q13; CMH8 (608751), caused by mutation in the MYL3 gene (160790) on chromosome 3p21; CMH9 (613765), caused by mutation in the TTN gene (188840) on chromosome 2q31; CMH10 (608758), caused by mutation in the MYL2 gene (160781) on chromosome 12q24; CMH11 (612098), caused by mutation in the ACTC1 gene (102540) on chromosome 15q14; CMH12 (612124), caused by mutation in the CSRP3 gene (600824) on chromosome 11p15; CMH13 (613243), caused by mutation in the TNNC1 gene (191040) on chromosome 3p21; CMH14 (613251), caused by mutation in the MYH6 gene (160710) on chromosome 14q12; CMH15 (613255), caused by mutation in the VCL gene (193065) on chromosome 10q22; CMH16 (613838), caused by mutation in the MYOZ2 gene (605602) on chromosome 4q26; CMH17 (613873), caused by mutation in the JPH2 gene (605267) on chromosome 20q12; CMH18 (613874), caused by mutation in the PLN gene (172405) on chromosome 6q22; CMH20 (613876), caused by mutation in the NEXN gene (613121) on chromosome 1p31; CMH21 (614676), mapped to chromosome 7p12.1-q21; CMH22 (see 615248), caused by mutation in the MYPN gene (608517) on chromosome 10q21; CMH23 (see 612158), caused by mutation in the ACTN2 gene (102573) on chromosome 1q43; CMH24 (see 601493), caused by mutation in the LDB3 gene (605906) on chromosome 10q23; CMH25 (607487), caused by mutation in the TCAP gene (604488) on chromosome 17q12; CMH26 (617047), caused by mutation in the FLNC gene (102565) on chromosome 7q32; CMH27 (618052), caused by mutation in the ALPK3 gene (617608) on chromosome 15q25; CMH28 (619402), caused by mutation in the FHOD3 gene (609691) on chromosome 18q12; and CMH29 (620236), caused by mutation in the KLHL24 gene (611295) on chromosome 3q27. The CMH5 designation was initially assigned to a CMH family showing genetic heterogeneity. Subsequently, affected individuals were found to carry mutations in the MYH7 (CMH1) and/or MYBPC3 (CMH4) genes. Mutations in the CALR3 gene (611414), previously suggested to cause a form of CMH (Chiu et al., 2007) designated CMH19, were convincingly shown not to be a monogenic cause of cardiomyopathy by Verhagen et al. (2018); see 611414.0001. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has also been associated with mutation in the gene encoding cardiac myosin light-peptide kinase (MYLK2; see 606566.0001), which resides on chromosome 20q13.3; the gene encoding caveolin-3 (CAV3; see 601253.0013), which maps to chromosome 3p25; and with mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial tRNAs: see mitochondrial tRNA-glycine (MTTG; 590035) and mitochondrial tRNA-isoleucine (MTTI; 590045). [from OMIM]

Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetic form of heart disease. It occurs when heart (cardiac) muscle becomes thin and weakened in at least one chamber of the heart, causing the open area of the chamber to become enlarged (dilated). As a result, the heart is unable to pump blood as efficiently as usual. To compensate, the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart, leading to further thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle. Over time, this condition results in heart failure.

It usually takes many years for symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy to cause health problems. They typically begin in mid-adulthood, but can occur at any time from infancy to late adulthood. Signs and symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy can include an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), shortness of breath (dyspnea), extreme tiredness (fatigue), fainting episodes (syncope), and swelling of the legs and feet. In some cases, the first sign of the disorder is sudden cardiac death. The severity of the condition varies among affected individuals, even in members of the same family. [from MedlinePlus Genetics]