Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: VGLL1
Cytogenetic location: Xq26.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): X:136,532,215-136,556,799 (from NCBI)
By searching an EST database for sequences similar to Drosophila vestigial (Vg), Vaudin et al. (1999) identified the VGLL1 gene, which they called TDU. The deduced 258-amino acid protein contains a short N-terminal Vg homology region, suggesting TDU may bind proteins of the TEA domain family of transcription factors. Northern blot analysis of fetal tissues detected a 1.35-kb transcript in lung and kidney but not in brain or liver. Using Northern and dot blot analysis of adult human tissues, Maeda et al. (2002) found high VGLL1 expression in placenta and weak expression in kidney.
By yeast 2-hybrid analysis and in vitro protein-binding assays, Vaudin et al. (1999) confirmed that TDU interacted directly with the TEA domain family member, TEF1 (TEAD1; 189967), and deletion of the Vg homology region abolished the interaction. The TDU-TEF1 dimer activated a reporter plasmid, and expression of TDU in Drosophila rescued loss of Vg function.
Using a mammalian 2-hybrid assay, Maeda et al. (2002) found that mouse Vgll1 interacted with the activation domain of TEF1 following transfection in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes or a simian kidney cell line. The interaction was stronger in cardiac myocytes, suggesting a myocyte-specific factor may participate in the interaction. Vgll1 was weakly active in driving expression of a reporter gene from the mouse skeletal muscle alpha-actin (ACTA1; 102610) promoter, and Vgll1 could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of TEF1 in this assay.
By genomic sequence analysis, Vaudin et al. (1999) mapped the VGLL1 gene to chromosome Xq26.1-q27.2.
Maeda, T., Chapman, D. L., Stewart, A. F. R. Mammalian vestigial-like 2, a cofactor of TEF-1 and MEF2 transcription factors that promotes skeletal muscle differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 48889-48898, 2002. [PubMed: 12376544] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M206858200]
Vaudin, P., Delanoue, R., Davidson, I., Silber, J., Zider, A. TONDU (TDU), a novel human protein related to the product of vestigial (vg) gene of Drosophila melanogaster interacts with vertebrate TEF factors and substitutes for Vg function in wing formation. Development 126: 4807-4816, 1999. [PubMed: 10518497] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.21.4807]