# 611090

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12; MRT12


Phenotype-Gene Relationships

Location Phenotype Phenotype
MIM number
Inheritance Phenotype
mapping key
Gene/Locus Gene/Locus
MIM number
1p34.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 12 611090 AR 3 ST3GAL3 606494
Clinical Synopsis
 
Phenotypic Series
 

INHERITANCE
- Autosomal recessive
RESPIRATORY
Airways
- Chronic lung disease (in some patients)
ABDOMEN
Biliary Tract
- Neonatal jaundice (in some patients)
NEUROLOGIC
Central Nervous System
- Mental retardation (IQ between 25-55)
- Language delay
- Limited language comprehension
Behavioral Psychiatric Manifestations
- Aggressive behavior
MISCELLANEOUS
- Three families have been reported (last curated December 2020)
MOLECULAR BASIS
- Caused by mutation in the ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3 gene (ST3GAL3, 606494.0001)
Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive - PS249500 - 69 Entries
Location Phenotype Inheritance Phenotype
mapping key
Phenotype
MIM number
Gene/Locus Gene/Locus
MIM number
1p36.32 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 77 AR 3 619988 CEP104 616690
1p34.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 12 AR 3 611090 ST3GAL3 606494
1p21.1-p13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 4 AR 2 611107 MRT4 611107
1p13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 60 AR 3 617432 TAF13 600774
1p13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 48 AR 3 616269 SLC6A17 610299
1q24.3 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 16 AR 3 617816 PIGC 601730
1q31.1 ?Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 79 AR 3 620393 TPR 189940
1q32.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 65 AR 3 618109 KDM5B 605393
1q43 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 47 AR 3 616193 FMN2 606373
2q11.2 ?Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 52 AR 3 616887 LMAN2L 609552
2q22.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 51 AR 3 616739 HNMT 605238
2q31.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 72 AR 3 618665 METTL5 618628
3p26.2 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 2 AR 3 607417 CRBN 609262
3q12.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 69 AR 3 618383 ZBTB11 618181
3q25.32 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 70 AR 3 618402 RSRC1 613352
3q26.2-q26.31 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 54 AR 3 617028 TNIK 610005
4q12-q13.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 31 AR 2 614329 MRT31 614329
4q26 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 1 AR 3 249500 PRSS12 606709
4q27-q28.2 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 29 AR 2 614333 MRT29 614333
5p15.31 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 5 AR 3 611091 NSUN2 610916
5q32 ?Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 63 AR 3 618095 CAMK2A 114078
5q33.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 46 AR 3 616116 NDST1 600853
5q33.2 ?Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 76 AR 3 619931 GRIA1 138248
6p12.2-q12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 24 AR 2 614345 MRT24 614345
6q12-q15 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 30 AR 2 614342 MRT30 614342
6q16.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 81 3 620700 ASCC3 614217
6q16.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 6 AR 3 611092 GRIK2 138244
6q23.2 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 18, with or without epilepsy AR 3 614249 MED23 605042
6q26-q27 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 28 AR 2 614347 MRT28 614347
7q34 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 80, with variant lissencephaly AR 3 620653 CASP2 600639
8p22 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 7 AR 3 611093 TUSC3 601385
8p12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 39 AR 3 615541 TTI2 614426
8q21.13 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 59 AR 3 617323 IMPA1 602064
8q24.12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 40 AR 3 615599 TAF2 604912
8q24.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 13 AR 3 613192 TRAPPC9 611966
9p23-p13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 16 AR 2 614208 MRT16 614208
9p13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 61 AR 3 617773 RUSC2 611053
9q34.3 Rafiq syndrome AR 3 614202 MAN1B1 604346
10q21.2 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 37 AR 3 615493 ANK3 600465
10q26.12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 78 AR 3 620237 WDR11 606417
11p15.5 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 75, with neuropsychiatric features and variant lissencephaly AR 3 619827 PIDD1 605247
11p15.4 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 67 AR 3 618295 EIF3F 603914
11p13-q14.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 23 AR 2 614344 MRT23 614344
11q22.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 71 AR 3 618504 ALKBH8 613306
12p13.32 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 66 AR 3 618221 C12orf4 616082
12q13.11-q15 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 25 AR 2 614346 MRT25 614346
12q22 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 34, with variant lissencephaly AR 3 614499 CRADD 603454
12q23.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 43 AR 3 615817 WASHC4 615748
14q11.2-q12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 9/26 AR 2 611095 MRT9 611095
14q31.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 56 AR 3 617125 ZC3H14 613279
15q13.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 38 AR 3 615516 HERC2 605837
15q24.1 ?Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 50 AR 3 616460 EDC3 609842
15q24.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 64 AR 3 618103 LINGO1 609791
15q26.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 27 AR 3 614340 LINS1 610350
16p12.2-q12.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 10/20 AR 2 611096 MRT10 611096
16q24.2 ?Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 45 AR 3 615979 FBXO31 609102
17p13.2-p13.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 33 AR 2 614341 MRT33 614341
17q21.31-q22 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 35 AR 2 615162 MRT35 615162
17q25.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 44 AR 3 615942 METTL23 615262
18q12.2 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 58 AR 3 617270 ELP2 616054
19p13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 74 AR 3 617169 APC2 612034
19p13.3 Neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormalities, poor growth, and dysmorphic facies AR 3 615286 ADAT3 615302
19p13.13 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 68 AR 3 618302 TRMT1 611669
19p13.12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 3 AR 3 608443 CC2D1A 610055
19p13.12 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 14 AR 3 614020 TECR 610057
19q13.2-q13.3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 11 AR 2 611097 MRT11 611097
19q13.32 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 41 AR 3 615637 KPTN 615620
19q13.42 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 57 AR 3 617188 MBOAT7 606048
20p11.23 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 73 AR 3 619717 NAA20 610833

TEXT

A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder-12 (MRT12) is caused by homozygous mutation in the ST3GAL3 gene (606494) on chromosome 1p34.


Clinical Features

Najmabadi et al. (2007) and Hu et al. (2011) reported 2 unrelated consanguineous Iranian families with nonsyndromic mildly to moderately impaired intellectual development.

Farajollahi et al. (2020) reported 2 first cousins (patients V.2 and V.4) from a consanguineous Iranian family with nonsyndromic severely impaired intellectual development. The patients, aged 31 and 27 years, had aggressive behavior, difficulty walking, loss of acquired skills, chronic lung disease, and a history of neonatal jaundice. Two other family members (sibs of patient V.4) had a history of similar clinical features, but were deceased and did not have molecular testing.


Mapping

Najmabadi et al. (2007) reported a large consanguineous Iranian family in which 8 individuals had nonsyndromic mildly impaired intellectual development. Linkage analysis identified a candidate locus on chromosome 1p34-p33 with a maximum lod score of 7.2. Haplotype analysis delineated a 9.4-Mb candidate region between rs514262 and rs953070.


Molecular Genetics

In affected members of 2 unrelated consanguineous Iranian families with MRT12, including the one reported by Najmabadi et al. (2007), Hu et al. (2011) used linkage analysis, chromosome sorting, and next-generation sequencing and identified 2 different homozygous mutations in the ST3GAL3 gene (A13D, 606494.0001 and D370Y, 606494.0002, respectively). Neither mutation affected the highly conserved sialyl motifs, but rather affected the N-terminal transmembrane domain and C-terminal catalytic domain, respectively. In vitro functional expression studies showed that the mutant proteins were mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum and that 1 (D370Y) had loss of catalytic activity. The findings demonstrated a link between the glycoprotein complex, sialyltransferase activity, and higher cognitive functioning.

In 2 first cousins with severely impaired intellectual development from a consanguineous Iranian family, Farajollahi et al. (2020) identified a homozygous missense mutation (T235M; 606494.0004). The mutation segregated with disease in the family. Molecular modeling predicted that the mutation might interfere with ligand binding and decrease protein stability.


Nomenclature

Although Najmabadi et al. (2007) referred to this locus as 'MRT4,' that designation had already been used by Uyguner et al. (2007) to refer to a locus on chromosome 1p21.1-p13.3 (MRT4; 611107). Thus, the locus described here is referred to as MRT12.


REFERENCES

  1. Farajollahi, Z., Razmara, E., Heidari, E., Jafarinia, E., Garshasbi, M. A novel variant of ST3GAL3 causes non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability in Iranian patients. J. Gene Med. 22: e3253, 2020. Note: Electronic Article. [PubMed: 32666583, related citations] [Full Text]

  2. Hu, H., Eggers, K., Chen, W., Garshasbi, M., Motazacker, M. M., Wrogemann, K., Kahrizi, K., Tzschach, A., Hosseini, M., Bahman, I., Hucho, T., Muhlenhoff, M., Gerardy-Schahn, R., Najmabadi, H., Ropers, H. H., Kuss, A. W. ST3GAL3 mutations impair the development of higher cognitive functions. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 89: 407-414, 2011. [PubMed: 21907012, images, related citations] [Full Text]

  3. Najmabadi, H., Motazacker, M. M., Garshasbi, M., Kahrizi, K., Tzschach, A., Chen, W., Behjati, F., Hadavi, V., Nieh, S. E., Abedini, S. S., Vazifehmand, R., Firouzabadi, S. G., and 9 others. Homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families reveals extreme heterogeneity of non-syndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation and identifies 8 novel gene loci. Hum. Genet. 121: 43-48, 2007. [PubMed: 17120046, related citations] [Full Text]

  4. Uyguner, O., Kayserili, H., Li, Y., Karaman, B., Nurnberg, G., Hennies, H. C., Becker, C., Nurnberg, P., Basaran, S., Apak, M. Y., Wollnik, B. A new locus for autosomal recessive non-syndromic mental retardation maps to 1p21.1-p13.3. Clin. Genet. 71: 212-219, 2007. [PubMed: 17309643, related citations] [Full Text]


Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 01/21/2021
Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 9/27/2011
Creation Date:
Cassandra L. Kniffin : 6/7/2007
carol : 03/05/2021
carol : 01/22/2021
carol : 01/21/2021
carol : 01/08/2013
carol : 10/3/2011
ckniffin : 9/27/2011
alopez : 10/10/2007
wwang : 6/12/2007
ckniffin : 6/12/2007
wwang : 6/12/2007
ckniffin : 6/7/2007

# 611090

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12; MRT12


ORPHA: 88616;   DO: 0081180;  


Phenotype-Gene Relationships

Location Phenotype Phenotype
MIM number
Inheritance Phenotype
mapping key
Gene/Locus Gene/Locus
MIM number
1p34.1 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 12 611090 Autosomal recessive 3 ST3GAL3 606494

TEXT

A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder-12 (MRT12) is caused by homozygous mutation in the ST3GAL3 gene (606494) on chromosome 1p34.


Clinical Features

Najmabadi et al. (2007) and Hu et al. (2011) reported 2 unrelated consanguineous Iranian families with nonsyndromic mildly to moderately impaired intellectual development.

Farajollahi et al. (2020) reported 2 first cousins (patients V.2 and V.4) from a consanguineous Iranian family with nonsyndromic severely impaired intellectual development. The patients, aged 31 and 27 years, had aggressive behavior, difficulty walking, loss of acquired skills, chronic lung disease, and a history of neonatal jaundice. Two other family members (sibs of patient V.4) had a history of similar clinical features, but were deceased and did not have molecular testing.


Mapping

Najmabadi et al. (2007) reported a large consanguineous Iranian family in which 8 individuals had nonsyndromic mildly impaired intellectual development. Linkage analysis identified a candidate locus on chromosome 1p34-p33 with a maximum lod score of 7.2. Haplotype analysis delineated a 9.4-Mb candidate region between rs514262 and rs953070.


Molecular Genetics

In affected members of 2 unrelated consanguineous Iranian families with MRT12, including the one reported by Najmabadi et al. (2007), Hu et al. (2011) used linkage analysis, chromosome sorting, and next-generation sequencing and identified 2 different homozygous mutations in the ST3GAL3 gene (A13D, 606494.0001 and D370Y, 606494.0002, respectively). Neither mutation affected the highly conserved sialyl motifs, but rather affected the N-terminal transmembrane domain and C-terminal catalytic domain, respectively. In vitro functional expression studies showed that the mutant proteins were mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum and that 1 (D370Y) had loss of catalytic activity. The findings demonstrated a link between the glycoprotein complex, sialyltransferase activity, and higher cognitive functioning.

In 2 first cousins with severely impaired intellectual development from a consanguineous Iranian family, Farajollahi et al. (2020) identified a homozygous missense mutation (T235M; 606494.0004). The mutation segregated with disease in the family. Molecular modeling predicted that the mutation might interfere with ligand binding and decrease protein stability.


Nomenclature

Although Najmabadi et al. (2007) referred to this locus as 'MRT4,' that designation had already been used by Uyguner et al. (2007) to refer to a locus on chromosome 1p21.1-p13.3 (MRT4; 611107). Thus, the locus described here is referred to as MRT12.


REFERENCES

  1. Farajollahi, Z., Razmara, E., Heidari, E., Jafarinia, E., Garshasbi, M. A novel variant of ST3GAL3 causes non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability in Iranian patients. J. Gene Med. 22: e3253, 2020. Note: Electronic Article. [PubMed: 32666583] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.3253]

  2. Hu, H., Eggers, K., Chen, W., Garshasbi, M., Motazacker, M. M., Wrogemann, K., Kahrizi, K., Tzschach, A., Hosseini, M., Bahman, I., Hucho, T., Muhlenhoff, M., Gerardy-Schahn, R., Najmabadi, H., Ropers, H. H., Kuss, A. W. ST3GAL3 mutations impair the development of higher cognitive functions. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 89: 407-414, 2011. [PubMed: 21907012] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.008]

  3. Najmabadi, H., Motazacker, M. M., Garshasbi, M., Kahrizi, K., Tzschach, A., Chen, W., Behjati, F., Hadavi, V., Nieh, S. E., Abedini, S. S., Vazifehmand, R., Firouzabadi, S. G., and 9 others. Homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families reveals extreme heterogeneity of non-syndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation and identifies 8 novel gene loci. Hum. Genet. 121: 43-48, 2007. [PubMed: 17120046] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-006-0292-0]

  4. Uyguner, O., Kayserili, H., Li, Y., Karaman, B., Nurnberg, G., Hennies, H. C., Becker, C., Nurnberg, P., Basaran, S., Apak, M. Y., Wollnik, B. A new locus for autosomal recessive non-syndromic mental retardation maps to 1p21.1-p13.3. Clin. Genet. 71: 212-219, 2007. [PubMed: 17309643] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00762.x]


Contributors:
Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 01/21/2021
Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 9/27/2011

Creation Date:
Cassandra L. Kniffin : 6/7/2007

Edit History:
carol : 03/05/2021
carol : 01/22/2021
carol : 01/21/2021
carol : 01/08/2013
carol : 10/3/2011
ckniffin : 9/27/2011
alopez : 10/10/2007
wwang : 6/12/2007
ckniffin : 6/12/2007
wwang : 6/12/2007
ckniffin : 6/7/2007