We present the results of an investigation of the traditional ethnobotany and ethnomedicine of West Azerbaijan (Iran). In this region medicinal plants are often the only easily accessible health care alternative for most of the population in rural areas and in fact folk herbal medicine is the most used remedy to cure common diseases. In this paper we present the most frequently used native species and the most common preparations made from them, in order to preserve the plant popular knowledge, which has traditionally been only an oral one.