Abstract
Members of the MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors control the formation of all skeletal muscles in vertebrates, but little is known of the molecules or mechanisms that confer unique identities to different types of skeletal muscles. MyoR and capsulin are related bHLH transcription factors expressed in specific facial muscle precursors. We show that specific facial muscles are missing in mice lacking both MyoR and capsulin, reflecting the absence of MyoD family gene expression and ablation of the corresponding myogenic lineages. These findings identify MyoR and capsulin as unique transcription factors for the development of specific head muscles.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoptosis
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
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Branchial Region / embryology
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Branchial Region / metabolism
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Cell Lineage
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Cleft Palate / embryology
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Crosses, Genetic
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DNA-Binding Proteins*
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Facial Muscles / cytology
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Facial Muscles / embryology*
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Facial Muscles / growth & development
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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Gene Targeting
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Head
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Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs
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Hernia, Diaphragmatic / embryology
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Homozygote
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In Situ Nick-End Labeling
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Male
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Masticatory Muscles / cytology
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Masticatory Muscles / embryology*
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Masticatory Muscles / growth & development
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Mice
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Muscle Cells / cytology
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Muscle Cells / physiology
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Muscle Development*
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Muscle Proteins / genetics
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Muscle Proteins / metabolism
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Muscle, Skeletal / embryology
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Mutation
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MyoD Protein / genetics
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MyoD Protein / metabolism
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Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5
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Phenotype
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Trans-Activators*
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
Substances
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Muscle Proteins
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Myf5 protein, mouse
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MyoD Protein
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Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5
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Ostn protein, mouse
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Tcf21 protein, mouse
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors