Abstract
Cell migration is driven by actin polymerization at the leading edge of lamellipodia, where WASP family verprolin-homologous proteins (WAVEs) activate Arp2/3 complex. When fibroblasts are stimulated with PDGF, formation of peripheral ruffles precedes that of dorsal ruffles in lamellipodia. Here, we show that WAVE2 deficiency impairs peripheral ruffle formation and WAVE1 deficiency impairs dorsal ruffle formation. During directed cell migration in the absence of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells migrate with peripheral ruffles at the leading edge and WAVE2, but not WAVE1, is essential. In contrast, both WAVE1 and WAVE2 are essential for invading migration into ECM, suggesting that the leading edge in ECM has characteristics of both ruffles. WAVE1 is colocalized with ECM-degrading enzyme MMP-2 in dorsal ruffles, and WAVE1-, but not WAVE2-, dependent migration requires MMP activity. Thus, WAVE2 is essential for leading edge extension for directed migration in general and WAVE1 is essential in MMP-dependent migration in ECM.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism
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Actins / metabolism
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Animals
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Blotting, Western
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Cell Movement / drug effects
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Cell Movement / physiology*
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Cells, Cultured
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Dipeptides / pharmacology
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Embryo, Mammalian
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Extracellular Matrix / physiology
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Fibroblasts / cytology*
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Fibroblasts / physiology
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Immunohistochemistry
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Luminescent Proteins / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
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Mice
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Mice, Knockout / genetics
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Microfilament Proteins / genetics
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Microfilament Proteins / physiology*
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Models, Biological
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Phalloidine / metabolism
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / pharmacology
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Protease Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism
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Pseudopodia / drug effects
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Pseudopodia / metabolism
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RNA Interference / physiology
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Starvation
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Transfection
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Tyrphostins / pharmacology
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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family
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Wound Healing
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cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins
Substances
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6,7-dimethoxy-2-phenylquinoxaline
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Actins
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Dipeptides
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Luminescent Proteins
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Microfilament Proteins
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N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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Protease Inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
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Tyrphostins
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Wasf1 protein, mouse
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Wasf2 protein, mouse
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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Phalloidine
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
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cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins