Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) proteins are known as potent inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis by interfering with caspase-8 activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Among the three human isoforms, c-FLIP(long), c-FLIP(short) and c-FLIP(R), the latter isoform is poorly characterized. We report here the characterization of murine c-FLIP(R) and show that it is the only short c-FLIP isoform expressed in mice. By generating several mutants, we demonstrate that both death effector domains (DEDs) are required for DISC binding and the antiapoptotic function of c-FLIP(R). Surprisingly, the C-terminal tail is important for both protein stability and DISC recruitment. Three-dimensional modeling of c-FLIP(R) revealed a substantial similarity of the overall structures and potential interaction motifs with the viral FLIP MC159. We found, however, that c-FLIP(R) uses different structural motifs for its DISC recruitment. Whereas MC159 interferes with interaction and self-oligomerization of the DISC component FADD by its extensive hydrophilic surface, a narrow hydrophobic patch of c-FLIP(R) on the surface of DED2 is crucial for DISC association. Thus, despite the presence of similar tandem DEDs, viral and cellular FLIPs inhibit apoptosis by remarkably divergent mechanisms.