Primary objective: There has been increasing interest in the role of cholinomimetic agents in the long-term management of cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury. This paper aims to assess the evidence accumulated thus far.
Methods: Studies are identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO, contacting experts and pharmaceutical companies and hand searching bibliographies. All study designs are included.
Main outcome and results: This study identified 25 papers that studied cholinesterase inhibitors, physostigmine and choline in mild-to-severe traumatic brain injury. The outcome with cholinesterase inhibitors and choline is suggestive but not conclusive while physostigmine appears of little benefit. A lack of rigorous studies and a plethora of outcome measures preclude drawing definitive conclusions. Further randomized controlled trials are urgently required.