Protein kinase C delta localizes to secretory lysosomes in CD8+ CTL and directly mediates TCR signals leading to granule exocytosis-mediated cytotoxicity

J Immunol. 2008 Oct 1;181(7):4716-22. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4716.

Abstract

Lytic granule exocytosis is the major effector function used by CD8(+) CTL in response to intracellular pathogens and tumors. Despite recent progress in the field, two important aspects of this cytotoxic mechanism remain poorly understood. First, TCR-signaling pathway(s) that selectively induces granule exocytosis in CTL has not been defined to date. Second, it is unclear how Ag receptor-induced signals are converted into mobilization of lytic granules. We recently demonstrated that protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) selectively regulates TCR-induced lytic granule polarization in mouse CD8(+) CTL. To better understand how PKC delta facilitates granule movement, here we studied dynamics of intracellular localization of PKC delta in living CD8(+) CTL. Strikingly, we found that PKC delta localizes to the secretory lysosomes and polarizes toward immunological synapse during the process of target cell killing. Also, biochemical and structure-function studies demonstrated that upon TCR ligation, PKC delta becomes rapidly phosphorylated on the activation loop and regulates granule exocytosis in a kinase-dependent manner. Altogether, our current studies provide new insights concerning the regulation of TCR-induced lytic granule exocytosis by revealing novel intracellular localization of PKC delta, providing the first example of colocalization of a kinase with secretory lysosomes in CD8(+) CTL and demonstrating that PKC delta directly transduces TCR signals leading to polarized granule secretion.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation / genetics
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / enzymology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Polarity / genetics
  • Cell Polarity / immunology
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytoplasmic Granules / enzymology
  • Cytoplasmic Granules / immunology*
  • Cytoplasmic Granules / metabolism
  • Cytotoxicity, Immunologic* / genetics
  • Immunological Synapses / genetics
  • Leukemia L1210
  • Lysosomes / enzymology*
  • Lysosomes / immunology
  • Lysosomes / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Protein Kinase C-delta / deficiency
  • Protein Kinase C-delta / genetics
  • Protein Kinase C-delta / metabolism*
  • Protein Kinase C-delta / physiology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / physiology*
  • Signal Transduction / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / enzymology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / metabolism
  • Transduction, Genetic

Substances

  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • Prkcd protein, mouse
  • Protein Kinase C-delta