Long-term implications of cumulative right ventricular pacing among patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Heart Rhythm. 2011 Feb;8(2):212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.10.035. Epub 2010 Oct 29.

Abstract

Background: Limited data regarding the effect of right ventricular pacing (RVP) on long-term survival following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation are available.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of RVP on the long-term survival benefit of primary ICD therapy.

Methods: Mortality data were obtained for all patients enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Trial-II (MADIT-II) during an extended follow-up period of 8 years. The cumulative percent RVP during the trial was categorized as low (≤ 50% [n = 369]) and high (>50% [n = 198]). The benefit of ICD versus non-ICD therapy (n = 490) was evaluated in the two pacing categories during the early (0-3 years) and late (4-8 years) phases of the extended follow-up period.

Results: During the early phase of the extended follow-up period, ICD therapy was associated with similar benefits in the low-RVP and high-RVP subgroups (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.35 and 0.38, respectively, P <.001 for both). In contrast, during the late phase, the long-term survival benefit of the ICD was maintained among patients with low RVP (HR = 0.60, P <.001) and attenuated among those with the high RVP (HR = 0.89, P = .45). An increased risk for late mortality associated with high versus low RVP was evident only among patients without left bundle branch [LBBB] at enrollment (HR = 1.63, P = .002).

Conclusion: Among ICD recipients, high RVP is associated with a significant increase in the risk of long-term mortality and with attenuated device efficacy. The deleterious effects of RVP are pronounced mainly in non-LBBB patients, suggesting a possible role for combined cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator therapy in this population.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / adverse effects
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / methods
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / mortality*
  • Cause of Death*
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Defibrillators, Implantable*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Risk Assessment
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Statistics, Nonparametric
  • Survival Analysis
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / diagnosis
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / mortality*
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / therapy*
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / diagnosis
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / mortality
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / therapy