Abstract
Dietary fructose intake is increasing. It is increasing primarily from added sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, and correlates epidemiologically with the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension worldwide. The administration of fructose to animals and humans increases BP and the development of metabolic syndrome. These changes occur independently of caloric intake because of the effect of fructose on ATP depletion and uric acid generation. Fructose ingestion may also be a risk factor for kidney disease that includes glomerular hypertension, renal inflammation, and tubulointerstitial injury in animals. We suggest excessive fructose intake should be considered an environmental toxin with major health implications.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology
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Diabetes Mellitus / etiology
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Diabetes Mellitus / physiopathology
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Diet
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Dietary Carbohydrates / adverse effects*
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Fatty Liver / epidemiology
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Fatty Liver / etiology
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Fatty Liver / physiopathology
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Female
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Fructose / adverse effects*
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Fructose / metabolism
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Humans
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Hypertension / epidemiology
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Hypertension / etiology*
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Hypertension / physiopathology
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Incidence
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Kidney Diseases / epidemiology
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Kidney Diseases / etiology*
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Kidney Diseases / physiopathology
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Kidney Function Tests
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Male
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Metabolic Syndrome / epidemiology
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Metabolic Syndrome / etiology*
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Metabolic Syndrome / physiopathology
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Risk Assessment
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United States / epidemiology
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Uric Acid / metabolism
Substances
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Dietary Carbohydrates
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Uric Acid
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Fructose