A cytosolic ATM/NEMO/RIP1 complex recruits TAK1 to mediate the NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK-activated protein 2 responses to DNA damage

Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jul;31(14):2774-86. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01139-10. Epub 2011 May 23.

Abstract

In multiple tumor types, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB increases the resistance of tumor cells to anticancer therapies and contributes to tumor progression. Genotoxic stress induced by chemotherapy or radiation therapy triggers the ATM-dependent translocation of NF-κB essential modifier (NEMO), also designated IκB kinase γ (IKKγ), from the nucleus to the cytosol, resulting in IκB kinase activation by mechanisms not yet fully understood. RIP1 has been implicated in this response and found to be modified in cells with damaged DNA; however, the nature of the RIP1 modification and its precise role in the pathway remain unclear. Here, we show that DNA damage stimulates the formation of a cytosolic complex containing ATM, NEMO (IKKγ), RIP1, and TAK1. We find that RIP1 is modified by SUMO-1 and ubiquitin in response to DNA damage and demonstrate that modified RIP1 is required for NF-κB activation and tumor cell survival. We show that ATM activates TAK1 in a manner dependent on RIP1 and NEMO. We also reveal TAK1 as a central mediator of the alternative DNA damage response pathway mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK-activated protein 2 (MAPKAP-2) kinases. These findings have translational implications and reveal RIP1 and TAK1 as potential therapeutic targets in chemoresistance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / metabolism
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / metabolism
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Doxorubicin / metabolism
  • Etoposide / metabolism
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins / genetics
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins / metabolism*
  • Gene Silencing
  • Humans
  • I-kappa B Kinase / genetics
  • I-kappa B Kinase / metabolism
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism*
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / genetics
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / genetics
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / metabolism*
  • Multiprotein Complexes / metabolism
  • NF-kappa B / genetics
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism*
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • SUMO-1 Protein / genetics
  • SUMO-1 Protein / metabolism
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism*
  • Ubiquitin / metabolism
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Multiprotein Complexes
  • NEMO protein, mouse
  • NF-kappa B
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Ralbp1 protein, mouse
  • SUMO-1 Protein
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • Ubiquitin
  • Etoposide
  • Doxorubicin
  • ATM protein, human
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • Atm protein, mouse
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • I-kappa B Kinase
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
  • MAP kinase kinase kinase 7