Rural-urban trends and patterns in cervical cancer mortality, incidence, stage, and survival in the United States, 1950-2008

J Community Health. 2012 Feb;37(1):217-23. doi: 10.1007/s10900-011-9439-6.

Abstract

This study examined disparities in cervical cancer mortality rates among US women in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas from 1950 through 2007. Inequalities in incidence, stage of disease at diagnosis, and patient survival were analyzed during 2000-2008. Age-adjusted mortality, incidence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated for women in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, and differences in relative risks were tested for statistical significance. Log-linear regression was used to analyze annual rates of change in mortality over time. During the last five decades, women in non-metropolitan areas had significantly higher cervical cancer mortality than those in metropolitan areas. Disparities persisted against a backdrop of consistently declining mortality rates. Throughout 1969-2007, both white and black women in non-metropolitan areas maintained significantly higher cervical cancer mortality rates than their metropolitan counterparts. Among black women, cervical cancer mortality declined at a faster pace in metropolitan than in non-metropolitan areas. In both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, black women had twice the mortality rate of white women. During 2000-2008, white, black, and American Indian women in non-metropolitan areas had significantly higher cervical cancer incidence rates than their metropolitan counterparts. Survival rates were significantly lower in non-metropolitan areas, particularly among rural black women. The 5-year survival rate for black women diagnosed with cervical cancer was 50.8% in non-metropolitan areas, compared with 60.2% for black women and 71.0% for white women in metropolitan areas. Disparities in survival existed after controlling for disease stage. Rural-urban disparities in cervical cancer have persisted despite steep declines in incidence and mortality rates.

MeSH terms

  • Databases, Factual
  • Female
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Rural Health / trends*
  • SEER Program
  • Survival Analysis
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Urban Health / trends*
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / mortality
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / pathology