6,6-Spiroimine analogs of (-)-gymnodimine A: synthesis and biological evaluation on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Org Biomol Chem. 2011 Dec 7;9(23):8112-8. doi: 10.1039/c1ob06257c. Epub 2011 Oct 24.

Abstract

Simple models of the spiroimine core of (-)-gymnodimine A have been synthesized in racemic and optically active forms. The quaternary carbon of the racemic spiroimines was created by Michael addition of a β-ketoester to acrolein, whereas the asymmetric allylic alkylation of the same β-ketoester was used to access the spiroimines in an enantioselective fashion. Both racemic and enantio-enriched mixtures were tested for their biological activities on Xenopus oocytes either expressing (human α4β2) or having incorporated (Torpedoα1(2)βγδ) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These spiroimine analogs of (-)-gymnodimine A inhibited acetylcholine-evoked nicotinic currents, but were less active than the phycotoxin. Our results reveal that the 6,6-spiroimine moiety is important for the blockade of nAChRs and support the hypothesis that it is one of the pharmacophores of this group of toxins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Electrophysiological Phenomena / drug effects
  • Female
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / chemical synthesis*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Imines / chemical synthesis*
  • Imines / pharmacology
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nicotinic Antagonists / chemical synthesis*
  • Nicotinic Antagonists / pharmacology
  • Receptors, Nicotinic / genetics
  • Receptors, Nicotinic / metabolism*
  • Spiro Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Spiro Compounds / pharmacology
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Xenopus laevis

Substances

  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings
  • Imines
  • Ligands
  • Nicotinic Antagonists
  • Receptors, Nicotinic
  • Spiro Compounds
  • gymnodimine A