The HIV-1 Vpu viroporin inhibitor BIT225 does not affect Vpu-mediated tetherin antagonism

PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027660. Epub 2011 Nov 14.

Abstract

Among its many roles, the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu performs a viroporin function and also antagonizes the host cell restriction factor tetherin through its transmembrane domain. BIT225 is a small molecule inhibitor that specifically targets the Vpu viroporin function, which, in macrophages, resulted in late stage inhibition of virus release and decreased infectivity of released virus, a phenotype similar to tetherin-mediated restriction. Here, we investigated whether BIT225 might mediate its antiviral function, at least in part, via inhibition of Vpu-mediated tetherin antagonism. Using T-cell lines inducible for tetherin expression, we found that BIT225 does not exert its antiviral function by inhibiting Vpu-mediated tetherin downmodulation from the cell surface, the main site of action of tetherin activity. In addition, results from a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay showed that the Vpu-tetherin interaction was not affected by BIT225. Our data provide support for the concept that tetherin antagonism and viroporin function are separable on the Vpu transmembrane and that viroporin function might be cell-type dependent. Further, this work contributes to the characterization of BIT225 as an inhibitor that specifically targets the viroporin function of Vpu.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane / drug effects
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • GPI-Linked Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • GPI-Linked Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Guanidine / pharmacology*
  • Guanidines / pharmacology*
  • HIV-1 / drug effects
  • HIV-1 / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / physiology*
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / chemistry
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology*
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / chemistry
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / pharmacology*
  • Virus Release / drug effects

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Antigens, CD
  • BST2 protein, human
  • GPI-Linked Proteins
  • Guanidines
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
  • N-(5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-napthalene-2-carbonyl)guanidine
  • Pyrazoles
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
  • vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
  • Guanidine