Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are mainly present in plants and function to inhibit protein synthesis through the removal of adenine residues from eukaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA). They are broadly classified into two groups: type I and type II. Type I RIPs are a diverse family of proteins comprising a single polypeptide chain, whereas type II RIPs are heterodimeric glycoproteins comprising an A-chain (functionally equivalent to a type I RIP) linked via a disulphide bond to a B chain, mediating cell entry. In this review, we describe common type I and type II RIPs, their diverse biological functions, mechanism of cell entry, stability in plasma and antigenicity. We end with a discussion of promising applications for RIPs in biomedicine.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Antiviral Agents / chemistry*
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Antiviral Agents / pharmacokinetics
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Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
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Half-Life
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Humans
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Protein Biosynthesis / drug effects
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Protein Conformation
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / chemistry*
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / pharmacokinetics
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / pharmacology
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2 / chemistry*
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2 / pharmacokinetics
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2 / pharmacology
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Structure-Activity Relationship
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Antiviral Agents
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1
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Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2