Analysis of absorption enhancers in epithelial cell models

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Jul:1258:86-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06562.x.

Abstract

A variety of chemical compounds are currently being discussed as novel drug delivery strategies. One promising strategy is to selectively open the paracellular pathway of epithelia for the passage of macromolecules. A prerequisite for this effect is a rapid and reversible action of these compounds, to allow a marked translocation of a drug, but also to avoid unwanted adverse effects, such as the translocation of noxious agents. Bioactive molecules that elevate paracellular permeability include Ca(2+) chelators, bacterial toxins, and other compounds, some of which perturb the structural basis of epithelial barrier function--the tight junction. Within the tight junction, organ- and tissue-specific barrier properties are determined mainly by claudins. The majority of members of the claudin protein family seal the paracellular pathway. This paper focuses on recent approaches concerning absorption-enhancing effects, with regard to selectivity and mechanism.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Chelating Agents / metabolism
  • Chitosan / metabolism
  • Enterotoxins / metabolism
  • Epithelial Cells / cytology*
  • Fatty Acids / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Tight Junctions

Substances

  • Chelating Agents
  • Enterotoxins
  • Fatty Acids
  • enterotoxin, Clostridium
  • Chitosan
  • Calcium