The purpose of the present study was to examine growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression by real-time PCR and demonstrate immunocytochemically the localization of GHR in four chicken oviductal parts, i.e. infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and shell gland. Experiments were carried out on Hy-Line laying hens decapitated 2 h after oviposition. GHR mRNA was expressed in all examined oviductal segments with a significantly lower level in the infundibulum in comparison to other parts of the oviduct. Specific GHR immunoreactivity was also detected in the wall of the oviduct. The intensity of the staining was as follows: infundibulum < or = isthmus < or = shell gland < or = magnum. In all oviductal parts, a positive reaction for GHR was observed in the mucosa whereas a very weak or no reaction was observed in the stroma. Within the mucosa a strong reaction for GHR was observed in the epithelium of the infundibulum and in the tubular gland of the magnum, isthmus and shell gland. Immunoreactivity for GHR was very weak in the mucosal epithelium of the magnum, isthmus and shell gland. In conclusion, the results point to the possibility of an important role of GH in oviduct functions in domestic hens.