Cytonemes as specialized signaling filopodia

Development. 2014 Feb;141(4):729-36. doi: 10.1242/dev.086223.

Abstract

Development creates a vast array of forms and patterns with elegant economy, using a small vocabulary of pattern-generating proteins such as BMPs, FGFs and Hh in similar ways in many different contexts. Despite much theoretical and experimental work, the signaling mechanisms that disperse these morphogen signaling proteins remain controversial. Here, we review the conceptual background and evidence that establishes a fundamental and essential role for cytonemes as specialized filopodia that transport signaling proteins between signaling cells. This evidence suggests that cytoneme-mediated signaling is a dispersal mechanism that delivers signaling proteins directly at sites of cell-cell contact.

Keywords: Cytoneme plasticity; Cytoneme transfer; Drosophila; Filopodia; Gradient; Morphogen.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Communication / physiology*
  • Cell Surface Extensions / physiology
  • Drosophila
  • Imaginal Discs / cytology
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism*
  • Models, Biological
  • Morphogenesis / physiology*
  • Protein Transport / physiology
  • Pseudopodia / physiology*
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*

Substances

  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins