G Protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 interacts with activator of G protein signaling-3 to regulate CXCR2-mediated cellular functions

J Immunol. 2014 Mar 1;192(5):2186-94. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301875. Epub 2014 Feb 7.

Abstract

The IL-8 (CXCL8) receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 couple to Gαi to induce leukocyte recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation. We recently showed that CXCR1 couples predominantly to the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2, whereas CXCR2 interacts with GRK6 to regulate cellular responses. In addition to G protein-coupled receptors, GRKs displayed a more diverse protein/protein interaction in cells. In this study, we sought to identify GRK6 binding partner(s) that may influence CXCL8 activities, using RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing CXCR1 (RBL-CXCR1) or CXCR2 (RBL-CXCR2), as well as human and murine neutrophils. Our data demonstrated that, upon CXCR2 activation, GRK6 interacts with activator of G protein signaling (AGS)3 and Gαi2 to form a GRK6/AGS3/Gαi2 complex. This complex is time dependent and peaked at 2-3 min postactivation. GTPγS pretreatment blocked GRK6/AGS3/Gαi2 formation, suggesting that this assembly depends on G protein activation. Surprisingly, CXCR2 activation induced AGS3 phosphorylation in a PKC-dependent, but GRK6-independent, fashion. Overexpression of AGS3 in RBL-CXCR2 significantly inhibited CXCL8-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and chemotaxis. In contrast, short hairpin RNA inhibition of AGS3 enhanced CXCL8-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, receptor resistance to desensitization, and recycling to the cell surface, with no effect on receptor internalization. Interestingly, RBL-CXCR2-AGS3(-/-) cells displayed a significant increase in CXCR2 expression on the cell surface but decreased ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK activation. Taken together, these results indicate that GRK6 complexes with AGS3-Gαi2 to regulate CXCR2-mediated leukocyte functions at different levels, including downstream effector activation, receptor trafficking, and expression at the cell membrane.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium / immunology
  • Calcium Signaling / genetics
  • Calcium Signaling / immunology
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane / genetics
  • Cell Membrane / immunology
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases / genetics
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases / immunology*
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / genetics
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / immunology
  • Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
  • Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / genetics
  • Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Multiprotein Complexes / genetics
  • Multiprotein Complexes / immunology*
  • Phosphorylation / genetics
  • Phosphorylation / immunology
  • Protein Transport / physiology
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / genetics
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / immunology*

Substances

  • GPSM1 protein, human
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits
  • Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors
  • Multiprotein Complexes
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases
  • G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6
  • Calcium