To assess how profound differences in carbohydrate and/or polypeptide structures affect parameters of plasma disappearance of glycoprotein hormones, we calculated and compared the initial volume of distribution, rate constants, and metabolic clearance rates of several highly purified human choriogonadotropin (hCG) analogues in monkeys. hCG, deglycosylated hCG, desialylated hCG, or core fragment of hCG-beta purified from pregnancy urine (beta-core) was administered as a rapid intravenous injection to adult male cynomolgus monkeys (n = 3/group). The metabolic clearance rates of deglycosylated hCG, beta-core fragment, and desialylated hCG were increased 15-, 47-, and 152-fold, respectively, over that of hCG. Their corresponding initial volumes of distribution, however, remained essentially unchanged compared with that of hCG and approximated the estimated plasma volume. In contrast, the fast and slow rate constants of plasma disappearance of the hCG analogues were increased as much as 18- and 23-fold, respectively, relative to those of hCG. These studies of structure-kinetic relationships in primates show that major carbohydrate and polypeptide modifications of a glycoprotein hormone cause profound changes in the rate constants of the disappearance curves without changes in the initial volume of distribution.