Lower serum magnesium is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in haemodialysis patients

Blood Purif. 2014;38(3-4):244-52. doi: 10.1159/000366124. Epub 2015 Jan 6.

Abstract

Background: Hypomagnesaemia is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pre-dialysis magnesium (Mg) and CV risk markers, [including pulse pressure (PP), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and vascular calcifications (VC)], and mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: We performed a 48-month prospective study in 206 patients under pre-dilution haemodiafiltration with a dialysate Mg concentration of 1 mmol/l.

Results: Lower Mg concentrations were predictors of an increased PP (≥65 mm Hg) (p = 0.002) and LVMI (≥140 g/m(2)) (p = 0.03) and of a higher VC score (≥3) (p = 0.01). Patients with Mg <1.15 mmol/l had a lower survival at the end of the study (p = 0.01). Serum Mg <1.15 mmol/l was an independent predictor of all-cause (p = 0.01) and CV mortality (p = 0.02) when adjusted for multiple CV risk factors.

Conclusions: Lower Mg levels seem to be associated with increased CV risk markers, like PP, LVMI and VC, and with higher mortality in HD patients.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Blood Pressure
  • Calcium
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / blood
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Cause of Death
  • Chelating Agents / therapeutic use
  • Coronary Disease / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Complications / epidemiology
  • Diuretics / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / epidemiology
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / blood*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / epidemiology
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / therapy
  • Magnesium / blood*
  • Magnesium Deficiency / blood
  • Magnesium Deficiency / epidemiology*
  • Magnesium Deficiency / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Renal Dialysis / adverse effects*
  • Risk Factors
  • Survival Rate
  • Vascular Calcification / epidemiology
  • Vitamin D / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Chelating Agents
  • Diuretics
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors
  • Vitamin D
  • Magnesium
  • Calcium