Despite recent declines in both incidence and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. CRC screening has been shown to reduce CRC mortality by 15–33% in randomized controlled trials with Hemoccult II fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). Novel CRC screening technologies, such as computed tomography (CT) colonography have been developed but need to be evaluated in terms of their comparability of performance (sensitivity and specificity) in detecting adenomatous polyps and CRC, acceptability to patients, and test-related complications and costs. Accordingly, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of CT colonography and other currently recommended CRC screening strategies.