Single dose, CYP2D6 genotype-stratified pharmacokinetic study of atomoxetine in children with ADHD

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jun;99(6):642-50. doi: 10.1002/cpt.319. Epub 2016 Jan 12.

Abstract

The effect of CYP2D6 genotype on the dose-exposure relationship for atomoxetine has not been well characterized in children. Children 6-17 years of age diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were stratified by CYP2D6 genotype into groups with 0 (poor metabolizers [PMs], n = 4), 0.5 (intermediate metabolizers [IMs], n = 3), one (extensive metabolizer [EM]1, n = 8) or two (EM2, n = 8) functional alleles and administered a single 0.5 mg/kg oral dose of atomoxetine (ATX). Plasma and urine samples were collected for 24 (IM, EM1, and EM2) or 72 hours (PMs). Dose-corrected ATX systemic exposure (area under the curve [AUC]0-∞ ) varied 29.6-fold across the study cohort, ranging from 4.4 ± 2.7 μM*h in EM2s to 5.8 ± 1.7 μM*h, 16.3 ± 2.9 μM*h, and 50.2 ± 7.3 μM*h in EM1s, IMs, and PMs, respectively (P < 0.0001). Simulated steady state profiles at the maximum US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-recommended dose suggest that most patients are unlikely to attain adequate ATX exposures. These data support the need for individualized dosing strategies for more effective use of the medication.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics*
  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Alleles
  • Area Under Curve
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / administration & dosage
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / pharmacokinetics*
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / therapeutic use
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / metabolism*
  • Biotransformation
  • Child
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / genetics
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / genetics*
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Precision Medicine

Substances

  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
  • CYP2C19 protein, human
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6