We here taxonomically revise the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Sequences of SSU and LSU nrDNA and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) are newly obtained from 106 Massarineae taxa that are phylogenetically analysed along with published sequences of 131 taxa in this suborder retrieved from GenBank. We recognise 12 families and five unknown lineages in the Massarineae. Among the nine families previously known, the monophyletic status of the Dictyosporiaceae, Didymosphaeriaceae, Latoruaceae, Macrodiplodiopsidaceae, Massarinaceae, Morosphaeriaceae, and Trematosphaeriaceae was strongly supported with bootstrap support values above 96 %, while the clades of the Bambusicolaceae and the Lentitheciaceae are moderately supported. Two new families, Parabambusicolaceae and Sulcatisporaceae, are proposed. The Parabambusicolaceae is erected to accommodate Aquastroma and Parabambusicola genera nova, as well as two unnamed Monodictys species. The Parabambusicolaceae is characterised by depressed globose to hemispherical ascomata with or without surrounding stromatic tissue, and multi-septate, clavate to fusiform, hyaline ascospores. The Sulcatisporaceae is established for Magnicamarosporium and Sulcatispora genera nova and Neobambusicola. The Sulcatisporaceae is characterised by subglobose ascomata with a short ostiolar neck, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, clavate asci, broadly fusiform ascospores, and ellipsoid to subglobose conidia with or without striate ornamentation. The genus Periconia and its relatives are segregated from the Massarinaceae and placed in a resurrected family, the Periconiaceae. We have summarised the morphological and ecological features, and clarified the accepted members of each family. Ten new genera, 22 new species, and seven new combinations are described and illustrated. The complete ITS sequences of nrDNA are also provided for all new taxa for use as barcode markers.
Keywords: Aquastroma Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Aquastroma magniostiolata Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Aquilomyces rebunensis Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Clypeoloculus Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Clypeoloculus akitaensis Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Clypeoloculus hirosakiensis Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Clypeoloculus microsporus Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Clypeoloculus towadaensis Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Coelomycetes; Dictyosporium pseudomusae Kaz. Tanaka, G. Sato & K. Hiray.; Freshwater ascomycetes; Fuscostagonospora Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Fuscostagonospora sasae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Gregarithecium Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Gregarithecium curvisporum Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Helminthosporium; Helminthosporium massarinum Kaz. Tanaka, K. Hiray. & Shirouzu; Holomorph; Hyphomycetes; Keissleriella breviasca Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Keissleriella quadriseptata Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Keissleriella yonaguniensis Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Lentithecium clioninum (Kaz. Tanaka, Sat. Hatak. & Y. Harada) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Lentithecium pseudoclioninum Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Magnicamarosporium Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Magnicamarosporium iriomotense Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Massarina; Neoophiosphaerella Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Neoophiosphaerella sasicola (Nagas. & Y. Otani) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Parabambusicola Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Parabambusicola bambusina (Teng) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Parabambusicolaceae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Periconia; Periconia homothallica Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Periconia pseudodigitata Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Phaeosphaeria arundinacea var. brevispora Nagas. & Y. Otani; Phaeosphaeria sasicola Nagas. & Y. Otani; Pseudocoleophoma Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Pseudocoleophoma calamagrostidis Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Pseudocoleophoma polygonicola Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Pseudoxylomyces Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Pseudoxylomyces elegans (Goh, W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & K.M. Tsui) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Setoseptoria arundinacea (Sowerby) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Setoseptoria magniarundinacea (Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Spegazzinia; Stagonospora bicolor (D. Hawksw., W.J. Kaiser & Ndimande) Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray; Stagonospora pseudoperfecta Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Sulcatispora Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray; Sulcatispora acerina Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.; Sulcatispora berchemiae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray; Sulcatisporaceae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.