Aging, inflammation, stem cells, and bone healing

Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016 Mar 22:7:44. doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0300-9.

Abstract

Complex interactions among cells of the monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast lineage and the mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage play a major role in the pathophysiology of bone healing. Whereas the former lineage directs inflammatory events and bone resorption, the latter represents a source of cells for bone regeneration and immune modulation. Both of these lineages are affected by increasing age, which is associated with higher baseline levels of inflammatory mediators, and a significant reduction in osteogenic capabilities. Given the above, fracture healing, osteoporosis, and other related events in the elderly present numerous challenges, which potentially could be aided by new therapeutic approaches to modulate both inflammation and bone regeneration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aging*
  • Animals
  • Bone Regeneration
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Fracture Healing / immunology*
  • Fractures, Bone / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation
  • Macrophages / physiology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
  • Osteogenesis
  • Stem Cells / physiology*