Metabolically healthy obesity and health-related quality of life: A prospective cohort study

Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):853-860. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.028. Epub 2016 May 6.

Abstract

Background: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been associated with lower risk of diabetes than obesity with cardiometabolic abnormalities (CA). However, the effect of MHO on other health outcomes is unknown.

Objective: To examine the association of metabolic status across categories of body mass index (BMI) with health-related quality of life (HRQL).

Methods: Prospective cohort with 4397 individuals aged ≥18 years, recruited in 2008-2010 and followed-up to 2012 in Spain. Normal weight was defined as BMI <25, overweight as BMI 25-29.9, and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Two metabolic statuses were defined: healthy (0-1 CA) and unhealthy (≥2 CA). HRQL was measured with the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 questionnaire. The association of joint categories of BMI and metabolic status at baseline with HRQL at 2012 was examined using linear regression, and adjusted for the main confounders.

Results: Compared to healthy normal-weight subjects, the unhealthy normal-weight and the healthy overweight individuals had a similar PCS score; however, the PCS was lower (worse) among those with unhealthy overweight (-1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.66 to -0.94), with MHO (-1.45; 95% CI: -2.67 to -0.24) and unhealthy obesity (-1.97; 95% CI: -2.88 to -1.05). Being overweight or obese was not associated with the MCS score regardless of metabolic status.

Conclusion: Metabolically unhealthy overweight, as well as obesity regardless of metabolic status, showed a worse physical HRQL. These results suggest that both obesity and CA should be addressed to improve HRQL.

Keywords: Metabolically healthy obesity; Population study; Quality of life.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Body Mass Index
  • Body Weight
  • Diet, Mediterranean
  • Exercise
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Health Behavior
  • Humans
  • Life Style
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity, Metabolically Benign / metabolism*
  • Overweight / metabolism
  • Patient Compliance
  • Prospective Studies
  • Quality of Life*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Spain
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Waist Circumference