Surgical management of primary and recurrent carcinoma showing thymous-like elements (CASTLE)

Ann Ital Chir. 2017:88:247-252.

Abstract

Introduction: Carcinoma showing thymous-like elements (CASTLE) is a rare tumor with only a few cases described in the scientific literature. The aim of the present review is to analyze the data available on the therapeutic options employed in CASTLE tumors and to outline the best surgical management to adopt.

Materials and methods: English-language articles published from 1985 through November 2016, and related to CASTLE cases were retrieved using the Pubmed database and specific key-words.

Results: Eighty seven cases included in 23 papers, published in the period under investigation, were analyzed in detail. The mean age of the patients was 50.2 years and the male to female ratio 1:1.2. There were performed 31 (35.6%) lobectomies, 29 (33.3%) total thyroidectomies, 15 (17.2%) subtotal thyroidectomies, 4 (4.6%) excisions, 3 (3.4%) partial thyroidectomies, 1 (1.1%) hemithyroidectomy, and 8 (9.2%) additional procedures including tracheal, pharyngeal, and esophageal resections. Lymph node dissection and radiotherapy were associated in 59 (67.8%) and 44 (50.6%) cases respectively. Among the patients with available data 62 (75.6%) were free of disease, 16 (19.5%) were alive with disease, 3 (3.7%) died for the disease, and 1 (1.2%) died for cerebrovascular complications at the time of follow-up. Globally 20 (24.4%) cases of local or distant recurrence were reported. Surgery and radiotherapy, alone or in combination were the treatments most frequently used for recurrences.

Conclusions: CASTLE is a rare tumor which generally respond well to complete surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. These treatments can be further employed for the recurrences, which occur in 24.4% of the cases, along with specific chemotherapy regimens and palliative procedures.

Key words: Cancer, CASTLE, Excision, Lobectomy, Thymous-like elements, Thyroidectomy.

Il carcinoma cosiddetto CASTLE, dall’acronimo inglese “carcinoma showing thymous-like elements”, è un tumore raro con solo pochi casi descritti nella letteratura scientifica. Lo scopo di questa review è quello di analizzare i dati disponibili circa le possibili opzioni terapeutiche impiegate nel trattamento dei tumori CASTLE, alfine di valutare quale possa essere il miglior trattamento chirurgico da adottare. A questo scopo sono stati individuati ed analizzati dettagliatamente 23 articoli scientifici relativi a questo tipo di neoplasia, nei quali sono descritti 87 casi, pubblicati in lingua inglese dal 1985 a novembre 2016, utilizzando la banca dati PubMed. L’età media dei pazienti inclusi era di 50,2 anni e il rapporto maschifemmine 1:1,2. Riguardo al trattamento chirurgico, sono state eseguite 31 (35,6%) lobectomie, 29 (33,3%) tiroidectomie totali, 15 (17,2%) tiroidectomie subtotali, 4 (4,6%) escissioni, 3 (3.4%) tiroidectomie parziali, 1 (1,1%) emitiroidectomia e 8 (9,2%) procedure aggiuntive, tra cui resezioni tracheali, faringee, ed esofagee. La dissezione linfonodale e la radioterapia sono state associate rispettivamente in 59 (67,8%) e 44 (50,6%) casi. Tra i pazienti con dati di follow-up disponibili il 75,6% era libero da malattia, il 19,5% erano vivi ma affetti dalla malattia, il 3,7% erano deceduti a causa della malattia, 1,2% era deceduto per complicanze cerebrovascolari. Globalmente sono stati registrati 20 (24,4%) casi di recidiva locale o a distanza. La chirurgia e la radioterapia, da soli o in combinazione, sono stati i trattamenti più frequentemente utilizzati per le recidive, per le quali sono stati impiegati anche specifici regimi chemioterapici e trattamenti palliativi.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
  • Carcinoma / drug therapy
  • Carcinoma / pathology
  • Carcinoma / radiotherapy
  • Carcinoma / surgery*
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Choristoma / pathology
  • Choristoma / surgery*
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymph Node Excision
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Palliative Care
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Analysis
  • Thymoma / drug therapy
  • Thymoma / pathology
  • Thymoma / radiotherapy
  • Thymoma / surgery*
  • Thymus Gland*
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Thyroidectomy / methods
  • Thyroidectomy / statistics & numerical data
  • Treatment Outcome