CAX1 suppresses Cd-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis halleri

Plant Cell Environ. 2018 Oct;41(10):2435-2448. doi: 10.1111/pce.13362. Epub 2018 Jul 13.

Abstract

The molecular analysis of metal hyperaccumulation in species such as Arabidopsis halleri offers the chance to gain insights into metal homeostasis and into the evolution of adaptation to extreme habitats. A prerequisite of metal hyperaccumulation is metal hypertolerance. Genetic analysis of a backcross population derived from Arabidopsis lyrata × A. halleri crosses revealed three quantitative trait loci for Cd hypertolerance. A candidate gene for Cdtol2 is AhCAX1, encoding a vacuolar Ca2+ /H+ antiporter. We developed a method for the transformation of vegetatively propagated A. halleri plants and generated AhCAX1-silenced lines. Upon Cd2+ exposure, several-fold higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detectable in roots of AhCAX1-silenced plants. In accordance with the dependence of Cdtol2 on external Ca2+ concentration, this phenotype was exclusively observed in low Ca2+ conditions. The effects of external Ca2+ on Cd accumulation cannot explain the phenotype as they were not influenced by the genotype. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that higher expression of CAX1 in A. halleri relative to other Arabidopsis species represents a Cd hypertolerance factor. We propose a function of AhCAX1 in preventing a positive feedback loop of Cd-elicited ROS production triggering further Ca2+ -dependent ROS accumulation.

Keywords: Arabidopsis halleri; cadmium; extremophiles; metal hyperaccumulation; metal hypertolerance; oxidative stress.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antiporters / metabolism
  • Antiporters / physiology*
  • Arabidopsis / drug effects
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / physiology*
  • Cadmium / pharmacology*
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism
  • Cation Transport Proteins / physiology*
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Plants, Genetically Modified
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*

Substances

  • Antiporters
  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Cation Transport Proteins
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • calcium-hydrogen antiporters
  • Cadmium
  • Calcium