MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of emerging small non-coding RNAs, serve as vital players in modulating multiple biological processes via the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs in liver cancer is well documented, and the involvement of miRNAs in liver cancer initiation and progression has also been described. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells known to be at the root of cancer recurrence and resistance to therapy. In this review, we highlight recent reports indicating that miRNAs participate in the regulation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). The Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are all closely correlated with the miRNA modulation of LCSCs. In addition, several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of LCSCs in response to therapy sensitivity. Targeting LCSCs by regulating the expression of these miRNAs represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cancer drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence in the near future.
Keywords: EMT; MicroRNA (miRNA); cancer stem cell (CSC); chemo-resistance; liver cancer.