Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and contributes to global morbidity and mortality mediated via the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular (CVD) and other diseases. It is a consequence of an elevated caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle and a genetic as well as an epigenetic predisposition. This review summarizes changes in DNA methylation and microRNAs identified in blood cells and different tissues in obese human and rodent models. It includes information on epigenetic alterations which occur in response to fat-enriched diets, exercise and metabolic surgery and discusses the potential of interventions to reverse epigenetic modifications.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bariatric Surgery / methods
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Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology
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Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics*
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Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism
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Cardiovascular Diseases / pathology
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DNA Methylation
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / etiology
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / genetics*
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / pathology
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Disease Models, Animal
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Energy Intake / genetics*
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Epigenesis, Genetic*
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Exercise
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Humans
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
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MicroRNAs / genetics
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MicroRNAs / metabolism
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / etiology
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / genetics*
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / metabolism
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / pathology
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Obesity / complications
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Obesity / genetics*
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Obesity / pathology
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Obesity / surgery
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Sedentary Behavior
Substances
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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MicroRNAs