α-ω Alkenyl-bis-S-Guanidine Thiourea Dihydrobromide Affects HeLa Cell Growth Hampering Tubulin Polymerization

ChemMedChem. 2020 Dec 3;15(23):2306-2316. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202000544. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Abstract

Cancer is going to be the first cause of mortality worldwide in the 21th century. It is considered a multifactorial disease that results from the combined influence of many genetic aberrations, leading to abnormal cell proliferation. As microtubules are strongly implicated in cellular growth, they represent an important target for cancer treatment. The well-known microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) including paclitaxel, colchicine and vinca alkaloids are commonly used in the treatment of various cancers. However, adverse effects and drug resistance are major limitations in their clinical use. To find new candidates able to induce microtubule alteration with reduced toxic effects or drug resistance, we studied a small new series of derivatives that present imidazolinic, guanidinic, thioureidic and hydrazinic groups (1-9). All the compounds were tested for their antitumor activity against a panel of six tumoral cell models. In particular, compound 8 (nonane-1,9-diyl-bis-S-amidinothiourea dihydrobromide) showed the lowest IC50 value against HeLa cells, together with a low cytotoxicity for normal cells. This compound was able to induce the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway and inhibited tubulin polymerization with a similar efficacy to vinblastine and nocodazole. Taken together, these promising biological properties make compound 8 useful for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.

Keywords: guanidine derivatives; hydrazine; imidazoline; intrinsic apoptotic pathway; thiourea derivatives; tubulin polymerization inhibition.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Guanidine / analogs & derivatives
  • Guanidine / chemistry
  • Guanidine / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Molecular Structure
  • Polymerization / drug effects
  • Thiourea / chemical synthesis
  • Thiourea / chemistry
  • Thiourea / pharmacology*
  • Tubulin / metabolism*
  • Tubulin Modulators / chemical synthesis
  • Tubulin Modulators / chemistry
  • Tubulin Modulators / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Tubulin
  • Tubulin Modulators
  • Thiourea
  • Guanidine