Possible treatment and strategies for COVID-19: review and assessment

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Dec;24(23):12593-12608. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24057.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared as an international emergency in 2020. Its prevalence and fatality rate are rapidly increasing but the medication options are still limited for this perilous disease. The emergent outbreak of COVID-19 triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) keeps propagating globally. The present scenario has emphasized the requirement for therapeutic opportunities to relive and overcome this latest pandemic. Despite the fact, the deteriorating developments of COVID-19, there is no drug certified to have considerable effects in the medical treatment for COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 pandemic requests for the rapid testing of new treatment approaches. Based on the evidence, hydroxychloroquine is the first medicine opted for the treatment of disease. Umifenovir, remdesivir, and fevipiravir are deemed the most hopeful antiviral agent by improving the health of infected patients. The dexamethasone is a first known steroid medicine that can save the lives of seriously ill patients, and it is shown in a randomized clinical trial by the United Kingdom that it reduced the death rate in COVID-19 patients. The current review recapitulates the existing evidence of possible therapeutic drugs, peptides, humanized antibodies, convulsant plasma, and vaccination that has revealed potential in fighting COVID-19 infections. Many randomized and controlled clinical trials are taking place to further validate these agent's safety and effectiveness in curing COVID-19.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Monophosphate / analogs & derivatives
  • Adenosine Monophosphate / therapeutic use
  • Alanine / analogs & derivatives
  • Alanine / therapeutic use
  • Amides / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / therapeutic use
  • Antiparasitic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use*
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control
  • COVID-19 / therapy*
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment*
  • COVID-19 Serotherapy
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / therapeutic use*
  • Cannabinoids / therapeutic use
  • Chloroquine / therapeutic use
  • Complement Inactivating Agents / therapeutic use
  • Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
  • Drug Combinations
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hydroxychloroquine / therapeutic use
  • Immunization, Passive
  • Indoles / therapeutic use
  • Interferons / therapeutic use
  • Ivermectin / therapeutic use
  • Lopinavir / therapeutic use
  • Nitro Compounds
  • Pyrazines / therapeutic use
  • Ritonavir / therapeutic use
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Teicoplanin / therapeutic use
  • Tetracyclines / therapeutic use
  • Thiazoles / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Amides
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antiparasitic Agents
  • Antiviral Agents
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • Cannabinoids
  • Complement Inactivating Agents
  • Drug Combinations
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Indoles
  • Nitro Compounds
  • Pyrazines
  • Tetracyclines
  • Thiazoles
  • lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination
  • meplazumab
  • Lopinavir
  • remdesivir
  • Adenosine Monophosphate
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Teicoplanin
  • Ivermectin
  • Dexamethasone
  • Chloroquine
  • Interferons
  • umifenovir
  • favipiravir
  • tocilizumab
  • Ritonavir
  • Alanine
  • nitazoxanide
  • itolizumab