Background: Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7) are important transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling antagonists, however their roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) may be involved in regulating BAMBI and SMAD7 expressions; a role beyond telomeres that is not clinically validated yet.
Objective: In this study, we examined the expression levels and prognostic values of BAMBI, SMAD7 and TERT and their association with AML patients' outcomes.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 74 de-novo AML patients and 16 controls. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze BAMBI, SMAD7 and TERT expressions.
Results: BAMBI and SMAD7 expression in AML were significantly upregulated versus controls (p< 0.05). BAMBI, SMAD7 and TERT levels were significantly correlated together (p< 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high BAMBI, SMAD7 and TERT expression levels had markedly shorter event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) time (p< 0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that only high BAMBI expression was an independent risk factor for OS (p= 0.001).
Conclusions: BAMBI is a novel biomarker in predicting prognosis in AML patients. Moreover, a potential interplay is found between BAMBI, SMAD7 and TERT in AML pathogenies.
Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; BAMBI; SMAD7; TERT; transforming growth factor-β.